Holley Richard, Walkty Joël, Blank Gregory, Tenuta Mario, Ominski Kimberly, Krause Denis, Ng Lai-King
Dep. Food Science, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
J Environ Qual. 2008 Oct 23;37(6):2083-92. doi: 10.2134/jeq2007.0304. Print 2008 Nov-Dec.
Use of hog (Sus scrofa) manure as a fertilizer is a practical solution for waste re-utilization, however, it may serve as a vehicle for environmental and domestic animal contamination. Work was conducted to determine whether pathogens, naturally present in hog manure could be detected in cattle (Bos taurus) grazed on the manure-treated pasture, and whether forage contamination occurred. During two 3 mo summer trials manure was applied to yield < or = 124 kg available N per hectare in a single spring or split spring and fall application. Samples of hog manure, forage, soil, and cattle feces were analyzed for naturally occurring Salmonella, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Escherichia coli. To follow movement of Salmonella in the environment isolates were identified to serovar and serotyped. Transfer of E. coli from hog manure to soil and cattle was examined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of >600 E. coli isolates. While Y. enterocolitica was absent from all samples, in both years S. enterica Derby and S. enterica Krefeld were found in most hog manure samples, but were only on forage samples in the second year. Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, absent from hog manure was present on some forage in the first year. Cattle feces and soil samples were consistently Salmonella negative. These contaminations could not be traced to manure application. During this study, Salmonella and E. coli found in hog manure had different RAPD genomic profiles from those found in the feces of cattle grazing on manure-treated pasture.
使用猪（野猪）粪肥作为肥料是一种废物再利用的实用解决方案，然而，它可能成为环境污染和家畜污染的媒介。开展了相关工作，以确定在施用了粪肥的牧场上放牧的牛（家牛）体内能否检测到猪粪中天然存在的病原体，以及是否发生了草料污染。在两个为期3个月的夏季试验中，分别在春季单次或春季和秋季分次施用粪肥，以使每公顷有效氮产量≤124千克。对猪粪、草料、土壤和牛粪样本进行分析，以检测其中天然存在的沙门氏菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌和大肠杆菌。为追踪沙门氏菌在环境中的传播情况，对分离菌株进行血清型鉴定和分型。通过对600多个大肠杆菌分离株进行随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）分析，研究了大肠杆菌从猪粪向土壤和牛的转移情况。虽然所有样本中均未检测到小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌，但在这两年中，大多数猪粪样本中都发现了德比沙门氏菌和克雷费尔德沙门氏菌，不过仅在第二年的草料样本中检测到这些病菌。第一年，猪粪中不存在的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌在一些草料中被检测到。牛粪和土壤样本一直未检测出沙门氏菌。这些污染无法追溯到粪肥的施用。在这项研究中，猪粪中发现的沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的RAPD基因组图谱与在施用了粪肥的牧场上放牧的牛粪便中发现的不同。
