Underwood Emma C, Klausmeyer Kirk R, Cox Robin L, Busby Sylvia M, Morrison Scott A, Shaw M Rebecca
Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Conserv Biol. 2009 Feb;23(1):43-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01072.x. Epub 2008 Sep 29.
: Global goals established by the Convention on Biological Diversity stipulate that 10% of the world's ecological regions must be effectively conserved by 2010. To meet that goal for the mediterranean biome, at least 5% more land must be formally protected over the next few years. Although global assessments identify the mediterranean biome as a priority, without biologically meaningful analysis units, finer-resolution data, and corresponding prioritization analysis, future conservation investments could lead to more area being protected without increasing the representation of unique mediterranean ecosystems. We used standardized analysis units and six potential natural vegetation types stratified by 3 elevation zones in a global gap analysis that systematically explored conservation priorities across the mediterranean biome. The highest levels of protection were in Australia, South Africa, and California-Baja California (from 9-11%), and the lowest levels of protection were in Chile and the mediterranean Basin (<1%). Protection was skewed to montane elevations in three out of five regions. Across the biome only one of the six vegetation types--mediterranean shrubland--exceeded 10% protection. The remaining vegetation types--grassland, scrub, succulent dominated, woodland, and forest--each had <3% protection. To guard against biases in future protection efforts and ensure the protection of species characteristic of the mediterranean biome, we identified biodiversity assemblages with <10% protection and subject to >30% conversion and suggest that these assemblages be elevated to high-priority status in future conservation efforts.
《生物多样性公约》设定的全球目标规定，到2010年，全球10%的生态区域必须得到有效保护。为了在地中海生物群落实现这一目标，在未来几年里至少还需要有5%的土地得到正式保护。尽管全球评估将地中海生物群落列为优先保护对象，但如果没有具有生物学意义的分析单元、更高分辨率的数据以及相应的优先排序分析，未来的保护投资可能会导致更多区域得到保护，却无法增加独特地中海生态系统的代表性。我们在一项全球缺口分析中使用了标准化分析单元以及按3个海拔区域分层的6种潜在自然植被类型，系统地探索了整个地中海生物群落的保护重点。保护水平最高的地区是澳大利亚、南非以及加利福尼亚 - 下加利福尼亚（9% - 11%），保护水平最低的地区是智利和地中海盆地（<1%）。在五个区域中有三个区域的保护偏向山地海拔。在整个生物群落中，六种植被类型中只有一种——地中海灌木丛——的保护率超过了10%。其余植被类型——草地、灌丛、肉质植物占主导的植被、林地和森林——的保护率均低于3%。为了防止未来保护工作中出现偏差，并确保保护地中海生物群落特有的物种，我们识别出了保护率低于10%且面临超过30%转化风险的生物多样性组合，并建议在未来的保护工作中将这些组合提升到高优先级地位。
