Rouzer Carol A, Marnett Lawrence J
A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA.
J Lipid Res. 2009 Apr;50 Suppl(Suppl):S29-34. doi: 10.1194/jlr.R800042-JLR200. Epub 2008 Oct 23.
Cyclooxygenase (COX; prostaglandin G/H synthase, EC 1.14.99.1) catalyzes the first two steps in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PGs). The two COX isoforms COX-1 and COX-2 are the targets of the widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, indicating a role for these enzymes in pain, fever, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. The ubiquitous constitutive expression of COX-1 and inducible expression of COX-2 have led to the widely held belief that COX-1 produces homeostatic PGs, while PGs produced by COX-2 are primarily pathophysiological. However, recent discoveries call this paradigm into question and reveal as yet underappreciated functions for both enzymes. This review focuses on some of these new insights.
环氧化酶（COX；前列腺素G/H合酶，EC 1.14.99.1）催化前列腺素（PGs）生物合成的前两个步骤。两种COX亚型COX-1和COX-2是广泛使用的非甾体抗炎药的作用靶点，表明这些酶在疼痛、发热、炎症和肿瘤发生中发挥作用。COX-1的普遍组成型表达和COX-2的诱导型表达导致人们普遍认为COX-1产生稳态PGs，而COX-2产生的PGs主要是病理生理学的。然而，最近的发现对这一范式提出了质疑，并揭示了这两种酶尚未得到充分认识的功能。本综述重点关注其中一些新见解。
