Andersen Stig, Guan Haixia, Teng Weiping, Laurberg Peter
Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Aalborg Hospital, Arhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2009 May;128(2):95-103. doi: 10.1007/s12011-008-8257-x. Epub 2008 Oct 25.
Iodine intake affects the occurrence of disease in a population. Excessive iodine intake may be caused by a high iodine content of drinking water. Tap water in few locations in Europe contains up to 139 microg/L mostly bound to humic substances, probably leaching from marine sediments in the aquifers. Even higher iodine contents have been found in Chinese waters, previously shown to associate with goitre and hypothyroidism. The aims were to elucidate speciation of high iodine groundwater from deep wells in China and to compare with high iodine waters from Europe. Water was sampled from eight wells in five villages along Bohai Bay, China. Macro-molecules and low molecular weight (MW) substances were separated by size exclusion chromatography (high performance liquid chromatography, Superose 12 HR 10/30, buffer 0.1 M Tris, pH 7.0). Organic material was evaluated by A280 and iodine in fractions measured by the Ce/As method after alkaline incineration. Iodine content of well water varied from 135 to 880 microg/L (median 287 microg/L). The amount of organic material in water was low with A280, <1-5 mAU. The chromatographic traces were similar between samples: One peak of iodine eluted around K (AV) 0.65 corresponding to MW 5 kDa (humic substances) and one peak at V (total) (iodide/low MW substances). The fraction of iodine in macro-molecules, suggested to be humic substances, varied from 8% to 70% (median 27%). Iodine and peak absorbance were associated (p = 0.006). In conclusion, iodine in iodine-rich deep well water in northern China may have marine origin and may associate with humic substances, comparable to shallow well iodine-rich water in Europe. High iodine intake from iodine-rich water suggests the cause of endemic goitre and hypothyroidism in some areas in China being iodine.
碘摄入量会影响人群中疾病的发生。碘摄入过量可能是由于饮用水中碘含量过高所致。欧洲少数地区的自来水中碘含量高达139微克/升，大部分与腐殖质结合，可能是从含水层中的海洋沉积物中浸出的。在中国的水体中发现了更高的碘含量，此前已表明其与甲状腺肿和甲状腺功能减退有关。目的是阐明中国深井高碘地下水中碘的形态，并与欧洲的高碘水进行比较。从中国渤海湾沿岸五个村庄的八口井中采集水样。通过尺寸排阻色谱法（高效液相色谱法，Superose 12 HR 10/30，缓冲液0.1 M Tris，pH 7.0）分离大分子和低分子量（MW）物质。通过A280评估有机物质，并在碱性灰化后通过Ce/As法测量各馏分中的碘。井水碘含量在135至880微克/升之间（中位数为287微克/升）。水中有机物质的含量较低，A280<1-5 mAU。样品之间的色谱图相似：一个碘峰在保留体积（AV）0.65左右洗脱，对应分子量为5 kDa的物质（腐殖质），另一个峰在总体积（V）处（碘化物/低分子量物质）。大分子中碘的比例（推测为腐殖质）在8%至70%之间（中位数为27%）。碘与峰吸光度相关（p = 0.006）。总之，中国北方富碘深井水中的碘可能源自海洋，并且可能与腐殖质有关，这与欧洲浅井富碘水情况类似。饮用富碘水导致的高碘摄入表明，中国某些地区地方性甲状腺肿和甲状腺功能减退的病因是碘。
