Kenworthy Lauren, Yerys Benjamin E, Anthony Laura Gutermuth, Wallace Gregory L
Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children's Research Institute-Neuroscience, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Neuropsychol Rev. 2008 Dec;18(4):320-38. doi: 10.1007/s11065-008-9077-7. Epub 2008 Oct 28.
In this paper, we review the most recent and often conflicting findings on conventional measures of executive control in autism spectrum disorders. We discuss the obstacles to accurate measurement of executive control, such as: its prolonged developmental trajectory; lack of consensus on its definition and whether it is a unitary construct; the inherent complexity of executive control; and the difficulty measuring executive-control functions in laboratory or clinical settings. We review the potential of an ecological-validity framework to address some of these problems, and describe new tests claiming verisimilitude, or close resemblance to "real life" demands. We also review the concept of veridicality, which allows for the measurement of the ecological validity of any task, and discuss the few studies addressing ecological validity in individuals with autism. Our review suggests that a multi-source approach emphasizing veridicality may provide the most comprehensive assessment of executive control in autism.
在本文中，我们回顾了关于自闭症谱系障碍执行控制传统测量方法的最新且往往相互矛盾的研究结果。我们讨论了准确测量执行控制的障碍，例如：其漫长的发展轨迹；对其定义以及它是否为单一结构缺乏共识；执行控制本身的复杂性；以及在实验室或临床环境中测量执行控制功能的困难。我们回顾了生态效度框架解决其中一些问题的潜力，并描述了声称具有逼真性或与“现实生活”需求高度相似的新测试。我们还回顾了真实性的概念，它允许对任何任务的生态效度进行测量，并讨论了少数针对自闭症个体生态效度的研究。我们的综述表明，强调真实性的多源方法可能为自闭症执行控制提供最全面的评估。
