Hughes C, Russell J, Robbins T W
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, U.K.
Neuropsychologia. 1994 Apr;32(4):477-92. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2.
A group of young people with autism (ranging in ability from high functioning to moderately learning disabled), and ability-matched control groups of (i) non-autistic individuals with moderate learning disabilities, and (ii) normally developing children, were presented with two tests of executive function: the Intra-dimensional/Extra-dimensional set-shifting task and the Tower of London planning task. These tests were graded in difficulty and included internal control measures. On each task, the autistic group was differentially impaired with respect to both control groups. Moreover, this impairment was specific to the stages of each task which placed greatest demands upon executive control. This evidence for executive dysfunction in autism is discussed in the context of Norman and Shallice's (Centre for Human Information Processing Technical Report 99, 1980) "Supervisory Attentional System" model of frontal function.
一组患有自闭症的年轻人（能力范围从高功能到中度学习障碍），以及与之能力匹配的对照组：（i）患有中度学习障碍的非自闭症个体，和（ii）正常发育的儿童，接受了两项执行功能测试：维度内/维度间转换任务和伦敦塔计划任务。这些测试按难度分级，并包括内部控制措施。在每项任务中，自闭症组相对于两个对照组都有不同程度的受损。此外，这种损伤特定于每项任务中对执行控制要求最高的阶段。本文在诺曼和沙利斯（人类信息处理中心技术报告99，1980）的额叶功能“监督注意系统”模型的背景下，讨论了自闭症中执行功能障碍的这一证据。
