Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmity Campus, London, UK.
Autoimmunity. 2008 Dec;41(8):577-84. doi: 10.1080/08916930802197081.
The encounter with different environmental antigens during immune maturation from childhood through early adulthood could play a role in the development of autoimmune disease in individuals with a susceptible genetic background. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an experimental treatment for autoimmunity that could offer a second possibility to correct for an aberrant immune reactivity. The premise is that eradication of the existing and pathogenic immune repertoire, in combination with the reinfusion of precursor cells, could reset the immunological clock to an earlier, latent phase of disease. Re-education of the adaptive immune system would occur during the reconstitution of cells under extreme lymphopenia, in which the antigenic priming takes place with a different sequence and timing than during the previous immunological history of the individual, resulting in a different immune repertoire. In this article, we discuss different mechanisms that could contribute to the development of tolerance during immune re-education and address the role of immune renewal and the qualitative reshaping of immunological memory.
在儿童期到成年早期的免疫成熟过程中，遇到不同的环境抗原可能在具有易感遗传背景的个体中发挥作用，导致自身免疫性疾病的发生。自体造血干细胞移植（HSCT）是一种针对自身免疫的实验性治疗方法，为纠正异常免疫反应提供了第二种可能性。其前提是消除现有的致病性免疫反应，同时输注前体细胞，从而将免疫时钟重置到疾病的早期潜伏阶段。在极度淋巴细胞减少的情况下，细胞重建时，适应性免疫系统会重新接受教育，其中抗原的引发与个体之前的免疫史不同，具有不同的顺序和时间，从而产生不同的免疫反应。在本文中，我们讨论了可能有助于免疫再教育过程中产生耐受的不同机制，并探讨了免疫更新和免疫记忆的定性重塑的作用。
