Kahn C R, Megyesi K, Bar R S, Eastman R C, Flier J S
Ann Intern Med. 1977 Feb;86(2):205-19. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-86-2-205.
The first step in the action of polypeptide hormones and many neurotransmitters is binding to receptor sites on the plasma membrane of the cell. These receptors are usually complex, high molecular weight proteins. Using a variety of receptor preparations and radioactively labeled hormones, radioreceptor assays for several hormones have been developed. These have allowed for assay of hormones for which no immunoassay exists. Such assays have shown increased levels of NSILA-s (an insulin-like peptide) in patients with nonpancreatic tumors and hypoglycemia. In disease states, the number or affinity of hormone receptors may be altered, leading to hormone resistant states such as the insulin resistance of obesity. A major factor regulating receptor concentration is the hormone itself. Several hormones seem to accelerate inactivation of their own receptors. Antibodies to membrane receptors are produced in at least three diseases and cause hormone resistance or mimic states of hormone excess.
多肽激素和许多神经递质发挥作用的第一步是与细胞的质膜上的受体位点结合。这些受体通常是复杂的高分子量蛋白质。利用各种受体制剂和放射性标记的激素，已经开发出了几种激素的放射受体测定法。这些方法使得对那些不存在免疫测定法的激素进行测定成为可能。此类测定法显示，非胰腺肿瘤和低血糖患者体内的NSILA-s（一种胰岛素样肽）水平升高。在疾病状态下，激素受体的数量或亲和力可能会发生改变，从而导致激素抵抗状态，如肥胖症患者的胰岛素抵抗。调节受体浓度的一个主要因素是激素本身。几种激素似乎会加速其自身受体的失活。至少在三种疾病中会产生针对膜受体的抗体，并导致激素抵抗或激素过量的模拟状态。
