Furton K G, Myers L J
Department of Chemistry and International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
Talanta. 2001 May 10;54(3):487-500. doi: 10.1016/s0039-9140(00)00546-4.
This article reviews the use of dogs as chemical detectors, and the scientific foundation and available information on the reliability of explosive detector dogs, including a comparison with analytical instrumental techniques. Compositions of common military and industrial explosives are described, including relative vapor pressures of common explosives and constituent odor signature chemicals. Examples of active volatile odor signature chemicals from parent explosive chemicals are discussed as well as the need for additional studies. The specific example of odor chemicals from the high explosive composition C-4 studied by solid phase microextraction indicates that the volatile odor chemicals 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and cyclohexanone are available in the headspace; whereas, the active chemical cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine (RDX) is not. A detailed comparison between instrumental detection methods and detector dogs shows aspects for which instrumental methods have advantages, a comparable number of aspects for which detector dogs have advantages, as well as additional aspects where there are no clear advantages. Overall, detector dogs still represent the fastest, most versatile, reliable real-time explosive detection device available. Instrumental methods, while they continue to improve, generally suffer from a lack of efficient sampling systems, selectivity problems in the presence of interfering odor chemicals and limited mobility/tracking ability.
本文综述了犬类作为化学探测器的应用，以及爆炸物探测犬可靠性的科学依据和现有信息，包括与分析仪器技术的比较。文中描述了常见军事和工业炸药的成分，包括常见炸药的相对蒸气压和构成气味特征的化学物质。讨论了母体炸药化学物质中活性挥发性气味特征化学物质的实例以及进行更多研究的必要性。通过固相微萃取研究的高爆炸药C - 4气味化学物质的具体实例表明，挥发性气味化学物质2 - 乙基 - 1 - 己醇和环己酮存在于顶空中；而活性化学物质环 - 1,3,5 - 三亚甲基 - 2,4,6 - 三硝基胺（RDX）则不存在。仪器检测方法与探测犬之间的详细比较表明，仪器方法在某些方面具有优势，探测犬在相当数量的方面具有优势，同时在其他方面没有明显优势。总体而言，探测犬仍然是目前可用的最快、最通用、最可靠的实时爆炸物检测设备。仪器方法虽然在不断改进，但通常存在缺乏高效采样系统、在存在干扰气味化学物质时选择性问题以及移动性/追踪能力有限等问题。
