Mazzocchin G A, Agnoli F, Salvadori M
Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica, Università Ca'Foscari di Venezia, Calle Larga S. Marta 2137-30123 Venezia, Italy.
Talanta. 2004 Oct 20;64(3):732-41. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2004.03.055.
The aim of the present work is the study of many fragments of wall painting from archaeological excavations in three different Roman age sites dating back to the I Century before Common Era: Pordenone (località Torre); Trieste (Crosada) and Padova (Montegrotto). The techniques used were optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), equipped with a EDS microanalysis detector, X-rays powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The identified pigments were: cinnabar, hematite, celadonite, glauconite, cuprorivaite (Egyptian blue), yellow and red ochre, calcite, limonite, coal black. In general, the mortar preparation did not correspond to the complex procedure suggested by Vitruvius (De Architectura), but generally showed a porous layer, with crushed grains under the pigment layer. In some cases, two superimposed pigment layers were found: yellow superimposed on both red and pink, black on pink, green on black. The slight differences we found in the use of the pigments in the three studied sites might show that the same technology, culture and taste spread all over the Roman Empire in North Eastern Italy (X(a) Regio Venetia et Histria).
本研究的目的是对来自三个不同罗马时代遗址考古发掘的许多壁画碎片进行研究，这些遗址可追溯到公元前1世纪：波代诺内（托雷地区）、的里雅斯特（克罗萨达）和帕多瓦（蒙特格罗托）。所使用的技术包括光学显微镜、配备能谱微分析探测器的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、傅里叶变换拉曼光谱（FT-Raman）和电子顺磁共振（EPR）光谱。鉴定出的颜料有：朱砂、赤铁矿、绿鳞石、海绿石、硅孔雀石（埃及蓝）、黄赭石、红赭石、方解石、褐铁矿、煤黑。总体而言，灰泥的制备与维特鲁威（《建筑十书》）所建议的复杂程序不符，但通常显示出一个多孔层，在颜料层下方有破碎的颗粒。在某些情况下，发现了两层叠加的颜料层：黄色叠加在红色和粉色之上、黑色叠加在粉色之上、绿色叠加在黑色之上。我们在三个研究地点发现的颜料使用上的细微差异可能表明，相同的技术、文化和品味在意大利东北部（第十（甲）行政区威尼西亚和伊斯的利亚）的整个罗马帝国传播开来。
