Hughes Gerwyn, Watkins James, Owen Nick
Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Thames Valley University, Slough, UK.
Sports Biomech. 2008 Sep;7(3):333-41. doi: 10.1080/14763140802233215.
The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in knee valgus angle and inter-knee and inter-ankle distances in university volleyball players when performing opposed block jump landings. Six female and six male university volleyball players performed three dynamic trials each for which they were instructed to jump up and block a volleyball suspended above a net set at the height of a standard volleyball net as it was spiked against them by an opposing player. Knee valgus/varus, inter-knee distance, and inter-ankle distance (absolute and relative to height) were determined during landing using three-dimensional motion analysis. Females displayed significantly greater maximum valgus angle and range of motion than males. This may increase the risk of ligament strain in females compared with males. Minimum absolute inter-knee distance was significantly smaller, and absolute and relative inter-knee displacement during landing significantly greater, in females than males. Both absolute and relative inter-ankle displacement during landing was significantly greater in males than females. These findings suggest that the gender difference in the valgus angle of the knee during two-footed landing is influenced by gender differences in the linear movement of the ankles as well as the knees. Coaches should therefore develop training programmes to focus on movement of both the knee and ankle joints in the frontal plane in order to reduce the knee valgus angle during landing, which in turn may reduce the risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury.
本研究的目的是调查大学排球运动员在进行对抗性拦网跳跃落地时，膝外翻角度以及双膝和双踝间距的性别差异。六名女性和六名男性大学排球运动员各进行了三次动态试验，试验要求他们跳起并拦网，拦网对象是由对方球员扣向他们的、悬挂在标准排球网高度的排球。在落地过程中，使用三维运动分析确定膝内翻/外翻、双膝间距和双踝间距（绝对值以及相对于身高的数值）。女性的最大外翻角度和运动范围显著大于男性。与男性相比，这可能会增加女性韧带拉伤的风险。女性的最小绝对双膝间距显著更小，且落地过程中的绝对和相对双膝位移显著更大。男性落地时的绝对和相对双踝位移均显著大于女性。这些发现表明，双脚落地时膝关节外翻角度的性别差异受踝关节和膝关节线性运动的性别差异影响。因此，教练应制定训练计划，着重关注额状面内膝关节和踝关节的运动，以减小落地时的膝外翻角度，进而降低非接触性前交叉韧带损伤的风险。
