Kongnyuy Eugene J, Soskolne Varda, Adler Bella
Child and Reproductive Health Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK.
BMC Womens Health. 2008 Oct 30;8:19. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-8-19.
Data on the effect of contraceptive methods, other than the condom, on HIV acquisition is not clear. The aim of this study was to describe hormonal contraceptive use, sexual behaviour and HIV prevalence among women in Cameroon in order to provide baseline information for future analytical studies.
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study based a nationally representative sample of 4486 sexually active women aged 15-49 years who participated in the 2004 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey.
The overall HIV prevalence was 7.4% (332/4486). The HIV prevalence was higher in the 25-35 year age group (10.03%), urban residents (9.39%), and formerly married (18.48%), compared to their compatriots. The prevalence was lower in women with five or more living child (3.67%), women in the low wealth index category (3.79%) and women who had no formal education (3.37%). The HIV prevalence was higher among women who had two or more partners in the last 12 months (10.26%) and women who reported to have had four or more partners in their lifetime (12.40%). The prevalence of HIV was higher among current hormonal contraceptive users (6.63%) compared to the current non-users (3.06%), among ever users of hormonal contraception (13.27%) compared to the never users (7.11%).
We conclude that the prevalence of HIV among sexually active women in Cameroon varies according to sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviour and hormonal contraceptive use. Our findings underscore the need to counsel women using hormonal contraception to be aware that hormonal methods do not protect against HIV infection. Given the biologic plausibility of the link between hormonal contraception and HIV infection, future research should focus on carefully designed prospective studies to establish the temporal relationship and estimate the incidence of HIV infection among women using and not using hormonal contraceptive methods.
除避孕套外，其他避孕方法对感染艾滋病毒影响的数据尚不清楚。本研究的目的是描述喀麦隆女性使用激素避孕方法、性行为及艾滋病毒感染率，以便为未来的分析研究提供基线信息。
这是一项横断面描述性研究，基于参与2004年喀麦隆人口与健康调查的4486名15至49岁性活跃女性的全国代表性样本。
艾滋病毒总体感染率为7.4%（332/4486）。与同龄人相比，25至35岁年龄组（10.03%）、城市居民（9.39%）和曾婚女性（18.48%）的艾滋病毒感染率较高。子女存活数为五个或更多的女性（3.67%）、低财富指数类别的女性（3.79%）以及未接受过正规教育的女性（3.37%）的感染率较低。在过去12个月内有两个或更多性伴侣的女性（10.26%）以及报告一生中曾有四个或更多性伴侣的女性（12.40%）中，艾滋病毒感染率较高。与当前未使用激素避孕方法的女性（3.06%）相比，当前使用激素避孕方法的女性（6.63%）中艾滋病毒感染率较高；与从未使用过激素避孕方法的女性（7.11%）相比，曾经使用过激素避孕方法的女性（13.27%）中艾滋病毒感染率较高。
我们得出结论，喀麦隆性活跃女性中的艾滋病毒感染率因社会人口学特征、性行为及激素避孕方法的使用情况而异。我们的研究结果强调，需要为使用激素避孕方法的女性提供咨询，使其意识到激素避孕方法无法预防艾滋病毒感染。鉴于激素避孕与艾滋病毒感染之间联系的生物学合理性，未来的研究应侧重于精心设计的前瞻性研究，以确定时间关系并估计使用和未使用激素避孕方法的女性中艾滋病毒感染的发生率。
