McDavid Kathleen, McKenna Matthew T
Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2006 Apr;20(4):285-92. doi: 10.1089/apc.2006.20.285.
Ascertainment of risk factors for HIV transmission is critical to monitoring the HIV epidemic. Since 1993, there has been an increase in the proportion of HIV/AIDS cases that are reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) without an identified risk factor for HIV. About this time many areas implemented laboratory reporting, which generates an initial report with little to no HIV risk factor information. In 2001, the CDC convened a group of experts who recommended changes to the presentation of HIV risk factor data. The CDC subsequently funded two projects to improve the collection of HIV risk factors by surveillance staff. Since 2004, the CDC and state surveillance coordinators revised surveillance guidance to recommend prioritization of follow-up and provider training, and to monitor key variables while providing feedback to reporters. The CDC also began an evaluation of provider-targeted educational materials. The CDC has also been working with professional associations to incorporate methods for documenting HIV risk factors into existing training modules. CDC and state surveillance coordinators will need to continue efforts to educate, train, and identify barriers for providers in order to improve the completeness of HIV risk factor documentation and reporting.
确定艾滋病病毒传播的风险因素对于监测艾滋病疫情至关重要。自1993年以来，向疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）报告的艾滋病病毒/艾滋病病例中，未查明艾滋病病毒风险因素的病例比例有所增加。大约在这个时候，许多地区实施了实验室报告制度，该制度生成的初始报告几乎没有或根本没有艾滋病病毒风险因素信息。2001年，疾病控制与预防中心召集了一组专家，他们建议对艾滋病病毒风险因素数据的呈现方式进行修改。疾病控制与预防中心随后资助了两个项目，以改善监测人员对艾滋病病毒风险因素的收集工作。自2004年以来，疾病控制与预防中心和各州监测协调员修订了监测指南，建议优先进行随访和对医疗服务提供者的培训，并在向报告者提供反馈的同时监测关键变量。疾病控制与预防中心还开始对针对医疗服务提供者的教育材料进行评估。疾病控制与预防中心还一直在与专业协会合作，将记录艾滋病病毒风险因素的方法纳入现有的培训模块。疾病控制与预防中心和各州监测协调员需要继续努力，对医疗服务提供者进行教育、培训并找出障碍，以提高艾滋病病毒风险因素记录和报告的完整性。
