Harlow B L, Cramer D W, Geller J, Willett W C, Bell D A, Welch W R
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Sep 1;134(5):445-53. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116113.
The authors investigated the joint effects of diet and oral contraceptive use on ovarian cancer risk in 194 white women aged 65 years or less with epithelial ovarian cancer and 193 age- and residence-matched controls in Boston between 1984 and 1987 by using in-person interviews and self-administered food frequency questionnaires. Use of oral contraceptives for 3 months or more was associated with a modest protective effect for ovarian cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 0.7, 95 percent confidence interval (CI) 0.5-1.1). In women who consumed 11 g or less per day of lactose, use of oral contraceptives for 3 months or more was associated with a nonsignificant increased risk (OR = 1.6, 95 percent CI 0.8-3.2). In women who consumed more than 11 g per day of lactose, use of oral contraceptives for 3 months or more was associated with a substantially decreased risk of ovarian cancer (OR = 0.3, 95 percent CI 0.1-0.7). Within this group, the strongest association occurred with more than 4 years of total oral contraceptive use (OR = 0.2, 95 percent CI 0.1-0.6) and in those who had more than 2 years of oral contraceptive use after age 30 years (OR = 0.1, 95 percent CI 0.03-0.4). These results suggest that, with respect to ovarian cancer, lactose users may be the most likely to benefit from oral contraceptive use and that the benefit may be strongest when oral contraceptive use occurs after age 30 years.
1984年至1987年间，作者通过面对面访谈和自行填写的食物频率问卷，对波士顿194名65岁及以下患有上皮性卵巢癌的白人女性以及193名年龄和居住地匹配的对照者进行了研究，以探讨饮食和口服避孕药的使用对卵巢癌风险的联合影响。使用口服避孕药3个月或更长时间与卵巢癌有一定的保护作用相关（比值比（OR）=0.7，95%置信区间（CI）0.5 - 1.1）。在每天摄入乳糖11克或更少的女性中，使用口服避孕药3个月或更长时间与风险非显著性增加相关（OR = 1.6，95%CI 0.8 - 3.2）。在每天摄入乳糖超过11克的女性中，使用口服避孕药3个月或更长时间与卵巢癌风险大幅降低相关（OR = 0.3，95%CI 0.1 - 0.7）。在这一组中，关联最强的是口服避孕药总使用时间超过4年（OR = 0.2，95%CI 0.1 - 0.6）以及30岁以后口服避孕药使用时间超过2年的女性（OR = 0.1，95%CI 0.03 - 0.4）。这些结果表明，对于卵巢癌而言，摄入乳糖的女性可能最有可能从口服避孕药的使用中获益，并且当30岁以后使用口服避孕药时获益可能最强。
