Wilkerson William, Avstreih Dan, Gruppen Larry, Beier Klaus-Peter, Woolliscroft James
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Acad Emerg Med. 2008 Nov;15(11):1152-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00223.x. Epub 2008 Oct 25.
A descriptive study was performed to better understand the possible utility of immersive virtual reality simulation for training first responders in a mass casualty event.
Utilizing a virtual reality cave automatic virtual environment (CAVE) and high-fidelity human patient simulator (HPS), a group of experts modeled a football stadium that experienced a terrorist explosion during a football game. Avatars (virtual patients) were developed by expert consensus that demonstrated a spectrum of injuries ranging from death to minor lacerations. A group of paramedics was assessed by observation for decisions made and action taken. A critical action checklist was created and used for direct observation and viewing videotaped recordings.
Of the 12 participants, only 35.7% identified the type of incident they encountered. None identified a secondary device that was easily visible. All participants were enthusiastic about the simulation and provided valuable comments and insights.
Learner feedback and expert performance review suggests that immersive training in a virtual environment has the potential to be a powerful tool to train first responders for high-acuity, low-frequency events, such as a terrorist attack.
进行一项描述性研究，以更好地了解沉浸式虚拟现实模拟在大规模伤亡事件中培训急救人员的潜在效用。
利用虚拟现实洞穴自动虚拟环境（CAVE）和高保真人体患者模拟器（HPS），一组专家模拟了一个在足球比赛期间发生恐怖爆炸的足球场。通过专家共识开发了化身（虚拟患者），展示了从死亡到轻微撕裂伤的一系列损伤。通过观察评估一组护理人员做出的决策和采取的行动。创建了一份关键行动清单，并用于直接观察和观看录像记录。
在12名参与者中，只有35.7%的人识别出他们遇到的事件类型。没有人识别出一个很容易看到的二次装置。所有参与者都对模拟充满热情，并提供了有价值的意见和见解。
学习者反馈和专家表现评估表明，在虚拟环境中的沉浸式培训有可能成为培训急救人员应对高敏锐度、低频率事件（如恐怖袭击）的有力工具。
