Del Carmen Cardós-Alonso María, Otero-Varela Lucía, Redondo María, Uzuriaga Miriam, González Myriam, Vazquez Tatiana, Blanco Alberto, Espinosa Salvador, Cintora-Sanz Ana María
Servicio de Urgencias Médicas de la Comunidad de Madrid (SUMMA112), Madrid, Spain.
Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Int J Emerg Med. 2024 Aug 23;17(1):99. doi: 10.1186/s12245-024-00685-3.
Mass casualty incidents (MCI) are unforeseeable and complex events that occur worldwide, therefore enhancing the training that medical first responders (MFRs) receive is fundamental to strengthening disaster preparedness and response. In recent years, extended reality (XR) technology has been introduced as a new approach and promising teaching technique for disaster medicine education.
To assess the effectiveness of XR simulation as a tool to train MFRs in MCIs, and to explore the perception and experience of participants to these new forms of training.
Systematic review.
This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the "Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses" (PRISMA) statement. Four databases were searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and LILACs) using a comprehensive search strategy to identify relevant articles, and MetaQAT was used as a study quality assessment tool. Data from included studies was not pooled for meta-analysis due to heterogeneity. Extracted data was synthesised in a narrative, semi-quantitative manner.
A total of 18 studies were included from 8 different countries. Studies encompassed a variety of participants (e.g., nurses, paramedics, physicians), interventions (virtual, mixed and augmented reality), comparators (comparison between two groups and single groups with pre-post evaluation), and outcomes (effectiveness and MFR perception). The synthesis of data indicated that XR was an effective tool for prehospital MCI training by means of improved triage accuracy, triage time, treatment accuracy, performance correctness and/or knowledge acquired. These XR systems were well perceived by MFRs, who expressed their interest and satisfaction towards this learning experience and emphasized its usefulness and relevance.
This research supports the usefulness and significance of XR technology that allows users to enhance their skills and confidence when facing forthcoming disasters. The findings summarize recommendations and suggestions for the implementation, upgrade and/or assessment of this novel and valuable teaching method.
大规模伤亡事件（MCI）是全球范围内不可预见且复杂的事件，因此加强对医疗急救人员（MFR）的培训是加强灾难防范和应对的基础。近年来，扩展现实（XR）技术已作为一种新方法和有前景的教学技术被引入灾难医学教育。
评估XR模拟作为培训MFR应对MCI的工具的有效性，并探索参与者对这些新培训形式的认知和体验。
系统评价。
本系统评价按照“系统评价与Meta分析的首选报告项目”（PRISMA）声明进行。使用全面检索策略在四个数据库（MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL和LILACs）中检索相关文章，并使用MetaQAT作为研究质量评估工具。由于存在异质性，纳入研究的数据未合并进行Meta分析。提取的数据以叙述性、半定量的方式进行综合。
共纳入来自8个不同国家的18项研究。研究涵盖了各种参与者（如护士、护理人员、医生）、干预措施（虚拟、混合和增强现实）、对照（两组之间的比较以及单组前后评估）和结果（有效性和MFR认知）。数据综合表明，XR是一种有效的院前MCI培训工具，可提高分诊准确性、分诊时间、治疗准确性、操作正确性和/或所学知识。这些XR系统得到了MFR的良好认可，他们对这种学习体验表达了兴趣和满意度，并强调了其有用性和相关性。
本研究支持XR技术的有用性和重要性，该技术可让用户在面对即将到来的灾难时提高技能和信心。研究结果总结了关于这种新颖且有价值的教学方法的实施、升级和/或评估的建议。
