Hameed B H, Tan I A W, Ahmad A L
School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
J Hazard Mater. 2009 May 30;164(2-3):1316-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.042. Epub 2008 Sep 21.
The effects of three preparation variables: CO(2) activation temperature, CO(2) activation time and KOH:char impregnation ratio (IR) on the 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) uptake and carbon yield of the activated carbon prepared from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) were investigated. Based on the central composite design, two quadratic models were developed to correlate the three preparation variables to the two responses. The activated carbon preparation conditions were optimized using response surface methodology by maximizing both the 2,4,6-TCP uptake and activated carbon yield within the ranges studied. The optimum conditions for preparing activated carbon from EFB for adsorption of 2,4,6-TCP were found as follows: CO(2) activation temperature of 814 degrees C, CO(2) activation time of 1.9h and IR of 2.8, which resulted in 168.89 mg/g of 2,4,6-TCP uptake and 17.96% of activated carbon yield. The experimental results obtained agreed satisfactorily with the model predictions. The activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions was mesoporous with BET surface area of 1141 m(2)/g, total pore volume of 0.6 cm(3)/g and average pore diameter of 2.5 nm. The surface morphology and functional groups of the activated carbon were respectively determined from the scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis.
二氧化碳活化温度、二氧化碳活化时间和氢氧化钾与炭的浸渍比（IR）对油棕空果串（EFB）制备的活性炭对2,4,6-三氯苯酚（2,4,6-TCP）的吸附量和活性炭产率的影响。基于中心复合设计，建立了两个二次模型，将三个制备变量与两个响应相关联。采用响应面法在研究范围内同时最大化2,4,6-TCP吸附量和活性炭产率，对活性炭制备条件进行了优化。制备用于吸附2,4,6-TCP的EFB活性炭的最佳条件如下：二氧化碳活化温度814℃，二氧化碳活化时间1.9h，IR为2.8，此时2,4,6-TCP吸附量为168.89mg/g，活性炭产率为17.96%。实验结果与模型预测结果吻合良好。在最佳条件下制备的活性炭为中孔结构，BET表面积为1141m²/g，总孔容为0.6cm³/g，平均孔径为2.5nm。通过扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外分析分别测定了活性炭的表面形貌和官能团。
