Raykhert Igor, Miskinis Kestutis, Lepshyna Svitlana, Kosinova Olga, Kovalyova Anna, Zaleskis Risards, Nunn Paul, Zignol Matteo
World Health Organization, Project Office, Donetsk, Ukraine.
Scand J Infect Dis. 2008;40(8):655-62. doi: 10.1080/00365540801898598.
After the Russian Federation, Ukraine is the country of the Former Soviet Union experiencing the greatest epidemics of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV, although complete official data are not available. This study investigates the prevalence of HIV among new TB patients in the civilian and penitentiary populations of Donetsk Oblast. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken of 1507 new patients with TB (1351 civilians, 156 prisoners) between January and June 2006. The prevalence of HIV among patients with TB was 15.5% (95% confidence interval 13.7-17.6) and 23.7% (95% CI 17.3-31.2) in the civilian and penitentiary sectors, respectively. Reported injecting drug use was the strongest independent predictor for HIV infection, followed by young age (25-44 y). Being prisoners was also found a significant independent predictor for HIV infection (OR: 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1). In conclusion, the prevalence of HIV in the TB population is the highest ever reported in Ukraine, almost 2 times higher than the World Health Organization estimates for 2005 (7.9%), and 3 percentage points higher than the official data reported. These findings call for urgent measures to control HIV and, consequently, HIV-related TB.
继俄罗斯联邦之后，乌克兰是前苏联地区结核病（TB）和艾滋病毒疫情最为严重的国家，不过完整的官方数据并不可得。本研究调查了顿涅茨克州平民和监狱人群中新发结核病患者的艾滋病毒感染率。2006年1月至6月期间，对1507例新发结核病患者（1351例平民，156例囚犯）进行了横断面调查。结核病患者中，平民和监狱人群的艾滋病毒感染率分别为15.5%（95%置信区间13.7 - 17.6）和23.7%（95%置信区间17.3 - 31.2）。报告的注射吸毒是艾滋病毒感染最强的独立预测因素，其次是年轻（25 - 44岁）。囚犯身份也被发现是艾滋病毒感染的一个重要独立预测因素（比值比：1.5，95%置信区间1.1 - 2.1）。总之，结核病患者中的艾滋病毒感染率是乌克兰有记录以来最高的，几乎比世界卫生组织对2005年的估计（7.9%）高出2倍，比官方报告的数据高出3个百分点。这些发现呼吁采取紧急措施来控制艾滋病毒，进而控制与艾滋病毒相关的结核病。
