Moyad Mark A
University of Michigan Medical Center, Department of Urology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Urol Nurs. 2008 Oct;28(5):343-9, 384; quiz 350.
Interest in all aspects of vitamin D seems to be surging due to perhaps the increased number of diverse positive studies suggesting it could prevent a variety of chronic diseases. However, before patients and health care professionals are educated on the preventive aspects of this vitamin that acts more like a hormone, a basic rapid review of vitamin D is needed. There are multiple reasons for the high rate of vitamin D deficiency around the world, including an aging population, obesity, protective skin care measures, skin pigmentation, increased awareness, more utilized diagnostic assays, and perhaps even the lack of natural and fortified food and beverage sources. Various benefits and limitations of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation are discussed. The proper use of the vitamin D blood test, also known as "25-OH vitamin D," is important, and changing the normal range of this test may allow for a slightly higher cutoff value based on parathyroid hormone reductions and experience from clinical trials of osteoporosis prevention. The vitamin D doses needed to adequately increase blood levels are provided. Finally, increasing the recommended daily allowance of this vitamin to 800 to 1,000 IU per day may be beneficial for most age groups.
由于越来越多不同的积极研究表明维生素D可能预防多种慢性疾病，人们对维生素D各方面的兴趣似乎正在激增。然而，在患者和医护人员接受关于这种更像激素的维生素的预防知识教育之前，需要对维生素D进行一次基本的快速回顾。全球维生素D缺乏率高有多种原因，包括人口老龄化、肥胖、皮肤保护措施、皮肤色素沉着、意识提高、诊断检测方法使用增多，甚至可能还包括天然和强化食品及饮料来源的缺乏。文中讨论了补充维生素D2和维生素D3的各种益处和局限性。正确使用维生素D血液检测（也称为“25-羟基维生素D”）很重要，根据甲状旁腺激素降低情况和骨质疏松症预防临床试验经验，改变该检测的正常范围可能会允许稍高的临界值。文中还给出了充分提高血液水平所需的维生素D剂量。最后，将这种维生素的每日推荐摄入量提高到每天800至1000国际单位可能对大多数年龄组有益。
