Brook Itzhak
Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2009 Mar;266(3):315-23. doi: 10.1007/s00405-008-0849-8. Epub 2008 Nov 5.
The objective of this study is to present the antimicrobial management modalities of treating upper respiratory tract (URT) and head and neck infections. This article discusses the current antimicrobial treatment strategies of URT and head and neck infections. The increasing antimicrobial resistance of many bacterial pathogens has made the treatment of URT and head and neck infections more difficult. This review summarizes the aerobic and anaerobic microbiology and antimicrobials therapy of acute and chronic URT and head and neck infections. These infections include dental (gingivitis, periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and periodontal abscess), acute and chronic otitis media, mastoiditis and sinusitis, pharyngo-tonsillitis, peritonsillar, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses, suppurative thyroiditis, cervical lymphadenitis, parotitis, siliadenitis, and deep neck infections including Lemierre syndrome. In conclusion, the proper management of these infections requires an accurate clinical and bacteriological diagnosis.
本研究的目的是介绍治疗上呼吸道（URT）及头颈部感染的抗菌管理模式。本文讨论了URT及头颈部感染的当前抗菌治疗策略。许多细菌病原体的抗菌耐药性不断增加，使得URT及头颈部感染的治疗更加困难。本综述总结了急慢性URT及头颈部感染的需氧和厌氧微生物学及抗菌治疗。这些感染包括牙科感染（牙龈炎、牙周炎、坏死性溃疡性牙龈炎和牙周脓肿）、急慢性中耳炎、乳突炎和鼻窦炎、咽扁桃体炎、扁桃体周围、咽后和咽旁脓肿、化脓性甲状腺炎、颈淋巴结炎、腮腺炎、涎腺炎以及包括勒米埃尔综合征在内的深部颈部感染。总之，对这些感染进行恰当管理需要准确的临床和细菌学诊断。
