Wear K A
Center for Devices & Radiol. Health, U.S. Food & Drug Adm., Silver Spring, MD, USA.
IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2008 Jul;55(7):1432-41. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2008.818.
This paper reviews theory, measurements, and computer simulations of scattering from cancellous bone reported by many laboratories. Three theoretical models (binary mixture, Faran cylinder, and weak scattering) for scattering from cancellous bone have demonstrated some consistency with measurements of backscatter. Backscatter is moderately correlated with bone mineral density in human calcaneus in vitro (r(2) = 0.66 - 0.68). Backscatter varies approximately as frequency cubed and trabecular thickness cubed in human calcaneus and femur in vitro. Backscatter from human calcaneus and bovine tibia exhibits substantial anisotropy. So far, backscatter has demonstrated only modest clinical utility. Computer simulation models have helped to elucidate mechanisms underlying scattering from cancellous bones.
本文综述了多个实验室报告的关于松质骨散射的理论、测量方法和计算机模拟。三种用于松质骨散射的理论模型（二元混合物模型、法伦圆柱模型和弱散射模型）已证明与后向散射测量结果具有一定的一致性。体外人跟骨的后向散射与骨矿物质密度呈中度相关（r(2)=0.66 - 0.68）。体外人跟骨和股骨的后向散射大致随频率的立方和小梁厚度的立方而变化。人跟骨和牛胫骨的后向散射表现出显著的各向异性。到目前为止，后向散射仅显示出有限的临床应用价值。计算机模拟模型有助于阐明松质骨散射的潜在机制。
