Adair John C, Barrett Anna M
Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Neurology Service, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108-5153, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Oct;1142:21-43. doi: 10.1196/annals.1444.008.
Hemispatial neglect (HSN) is a frequent, conspicuous neurobehavioral accompaniment of brain injury. Patients with HSN share several superficial similarities, leading earlier clinical neuroscientists to view neglect as a unitary condition associated with brain structures that mediate relatively discrete spatial cognitive mechanisms. Over the last two decades, research largely deconstructed the neglect syndrome, revealing a remarkable heterogeneity of behaviors and providing insight into multiple component processes, both spatial and nonspatial, that contribute to hemispatial neglect. This review surveys visual HSN, presenting first the means for detection and diagnosis in its manifold variations. We summarize cognitive operations relevant to spatial attention and evidence for their role in neglect behaviors and then briefly consider neural systems that may subserve the component processes. Finally, we propose several methods for rehabilitating HSN, including the challenges facing remediation of such a heterogeneous cognitive disorder.
半侧空间忽视（HSN）是脑损伤常见且显著的神经行为伴随症状。患有HSN的患者有一些表面上的相似之处，这使得早期的临床神经科学家将忽视视为一种单一病症，与介导相对离散的空间认知机制的脑结构相关。在过去二十年中，研究很大程度上解构了忽视综合征，揭示了行为的显著异质性，并深入了解了导致半侧空间忽视的多个组成过程，包括空间和非空间过程。本综述调查视觉HSN，首先介绍其多种变体的检测和诊断方法。我们总结了与空间注意力相关的认知操作及其在忽视行为中的作用证据，然后简要考虑可能支持这些组成过程的神经系统。最后，我们提出了几种康复HSN的方法，包括治疗这种异质性认知障碍所面临的挑战。
