Cheng Man-Ting, Horng Chuen-Liang, Su Yi-Ru, Lin Li-Kai, Lin Yu-Chi, Chou Charles C-K
Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.
J Hazard Mater. 2009 Jun 15;165(1-3):187-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.101. Epub 2008 Oct 2.
Agricultural waste burning is performed after harvest periods in June and November in Taiwan. Typically, farmers use open burning to dispose of excess rice straw. PM(2.5) and PM(2.5-10) measurements were conducted at National Chung Hsing University in Taichung City using a dichotomous sampler. The sampling times were during straw burning periods after rice harvest during 2002-2005. Ionic species including SO(4)(2-), NO(3)(-), NH(4)(+), K(+), Ca(2+), Cl(-) and Na(+) and carbonaceous species (EC and OC) in PM(2.5) and PM(2.5-10) were analyzed. The results showed that the average PM(2.5) and PM(2.5-10) concentrations were 123.6 and 31.5 microg m(-3) during agricultural waste burning periods and 32.6 and 21.4 microg m(-3) during non-waste burning periods, respectively. The fine aerosol ionic species including Cl(-), K(+) and NO(3)(-) increased 11.0, 6.7 and 5.5 times during agricultural burning periods compared with periods when agricultural waste burning is not performed. K(+) was found mainly in the fine mode during agricultural burning. High nitrogen oxidation ratio was found during agricultural waste burning periods which might be caused by the conversion of Nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) to NO(3)(-). It is concluded that agricultural waste burning with low dispersion often causes high PM(2.5) and gases pollutant events.
台湾地区在6月和11月收获期过后会进行农业废弃物焚烧。通常情况下，农民采用露天焚烧的方式处理多余的稻草。在台中市的国立中兴大学使用二分采样器对细颗粒物（PM2.5）和粗颗粒物（PM2.5 - 10）进行了测量。采样时间为2002年至2005年水稻收获后的秸秆焚烧期。分析了PM2.5和PM2.5 - 10中的离子成分，包括硫酸根离子（SO42-）、硝酸根离子（NO3-）、铵根离子（NH4+）、钾离子（K+）、钙离子（Ca2+）、氯离子（Cl-）和钠离子（Na+）以及碳质成分（元素碳和有机碳）。结果表明，农业废弃物焚烧期间PM2.5和PM2.5 - 10的平均浓度分别为123.6和31.5微克每立方米，非废弃物焚烧期间分别为32.6和21.4微克每立方米。与不进行农业废弃物焚烧的时期相比，农业焚烧期间细气溶胶离子成分中氯离子（Cl-）、钾离子（K+）和硝酸根离子（NO3-）分别增加了11.0倍、6.7倍和5.5倍。在农业焚烧期间，钾离子（K+）主要存在于细颗粒物模式中。在农业废弃物焚烧期间发现了较高的氮氧化率，这可能是由二氧化氮（NO2）转化为硝酸根离子（NO3-）所致。研究得出结论，低扩散的农业废弃物焚烧常常会导致高浓度的PM2.5和气体污染物事件。
