Abbas Zaigham, Raza Sajjad, Ejaz Kiran
SIUT, Karachi, Pakistan.
J Pak Med Assoc. 2008 Oct;58(10):561-7.
Systematic reviews are defined as convenient evidential summaries for clinicians which serve as a powerful tool for patient care decisions. They are considered to be the basis for guidelines of medical practice suggesting directions for new research. These scientific reviews, constructed through well-defined methods, have key role in Evidence-Informed Health Care which means to apply new therapies and treatments, which are proved to be effective for a particular treatment by authentic and quality researches, in clinical practice. The art of medicine requires for practice a very sound and up to date clinical knowledge by means of which clinicians can conquer the different challenges. However, a clinician can not depend on the result of a single study for making decisions in clinical practice. The solution to this dilemma is systematic reviews as they provide a precise summary of a topic and have many advantages over narrative reviews. Meta-analysis is a technique which plays an important role in increasing the precision of systematic reviews. Steps of preparation of a systematic review include: 1- Defining the review question, 2- Search and selection of studies, 3- Critical evaluation of studies for biases, 4- Data Collection, 5- Data analysis and presentation of results, 6- Interpretation of results and drawing conclusions, 7- Improving and updating reviews. A reader should first be able to evaluate the quality of a systematic review before practicing the evidence provided by it as it helps to practice the provided evidence more effectively.
系统评价被定义为为临床医生提供的便捷证据总结，是患者护理决策的有力工具。它们被认为是医学实践指南的基础，为新的研究指明方向。这些通过明确方法构建的科学评价，在循证医疗中发挥着关键作用，循证医疗意味着在临床实践中应用经可靠且高质量研究证明对特定治疗有效的新疗法和治疗手段。医学艺术要求从业者具备非常扎实且最新的临床知识，凭借这些知识临床医生才能应对各种挑战。然而，临床医生在临床实践中做决策时不能仅依赖单一研究的结果。解决这一困境的办法是系统评价，因为它们能提供某个主题的精确总结，且相比叙述性综述有诸多优势。荟萃分析是一种在提高系统评价精度方面发挥重要作用的技术。系统评价的准备步骤包括：1 - 明确评价问题，2 - 检索和选择研究，3 - 对研究的偏倚进行批判性评估，4 - 数据收集，5 - 数据分析和结果呈现，6 - 结果解读与得出结论，7 - 改进和更新评价。读者在运用系统评价所提供的证据之前，首先应能够评估其质量，因为这有助于更有效地运用所提供的证据。
