Dong Guang-Hui, Sun Zhao-Qing, Zhang Xin-Zhong, Li Jia-Jin, Zheng Li-Qiang, Li Jue, Hu Da-Yi, Sun Ying-Xian
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China.
Indian J Med Res. 2008 Aug;128(2):122-7.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. In PR China, the prevalence of hypertension has substantially increased during the past four decades. Information on prevalence as well as awareness regarding treatment and prevention of hypertension is scarce particularly in rural settings. The objective of this study was therefore to estimate the prevalence and distribution of hypertension and to determine the status of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in the general rural adult population in northeast China.
During 2005--2007, in Liaoning province of northeast China a probability proportional to size sampling method was used to select a nationally representative sample. A total of 45,925 adults (aged > 35 yr) were examined. Three blood pressure measurements were obtained by trained observers using a standardized sphygmomanometer after a 5-minute sitting rest. Information on history of hypertension and use of antihypertensive medications was obtained. Hypertension was defined as a mean systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg, and/or use of antihypertensive medications.
Overall, 37.8 per cent of the rural adult population from northeast China aged 35 to 85 yr had hypertension. Among hypertensives, only 29.5 per cent were aware of their high blood pressure, 20.2 per cent were taking antihypertension medication and 0.9 per cent achieved blood pressure control (< 140/90 mm Hg). Of all subjects, 43.9 per cent did not think that high blood pressure would endanger their lives. The reasons why not taking antihypertensive medication in hypertensives aware of having hypertension was 40.2 per cent for their lack of knowledge about the fatalness of hypertension and 32.3 per cent for financial straits.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that hypertension is highly prevalent in rural areas of northeast China. The percentages of those with hypertension who were aware, treated and controlled were unacceptably low. These results underscore the urgent need to take comprehensive controlling measures and improve the awareness of hypertension at the same time to control hypertension in rural population of Liaoning province.
高血压是心血管疾病和肾脏疾病的主要危险因素。在中华人民共和国，高血压患病率在过去四十年中大幅上升。尤其是在农村地区，关于高血压患病率以及高血压治疗与预防的知晓情况的信息匮乏。因此，本研究的目的是估计中国东北地区农村成年人群中高血压的患病率和分布情况，并确定高血压知晓、治疗和控制的现状。
2005年至2007年期间，在中国东北地区的辽宁省，采用与规模成比例的概率抽样方法选取了一个具有全国代表性的样本。共检查了45925名成年人（年龄>35岁）。经过训练的观察者在受试者静坐休息5分钟后，使用标准化血压计进行三次血压测量。获取了高血压病史和抗高血压药物使用情况的信息。高血压定义为平均收缩压>140毫米汞柱、舒张压>90毫米汞柱和/或使用抗高血压药物。
总体而言，中国东北地区35至85岁的农村成年人群中，37.8%患有高血压。在高血压患者中，只有29.5%知晓自己患有高血压，20.2%正在服用抗高血压药物，0.9%实现了血压控制（<140/90毫米汞柱）。在所有受试者中，43.9%不认为高血压会危及生命。知晓自己患有高血压但未服用抗高血压药物的原因中，40.2%是因为对高血压致命性缺乏认识，32.3%是因为经济困难。
我们的结果表明，高血压在中国东北地区农村地区高度流行。高血压患者的知晓率、治疗率和控制率低得令人无法接受。这些结果强调迫切需要采取综合控制措施，并同时提高对高血压的认识，以控制辽宁省农村人口中的高血压。
