Heckman George A, McKelvie Robert S
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Clin J Sport Med. 2008 Nov;18(6):479-85. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181865f03.
Physical inactivity in an aging population is a major contributing factor to the rising numbers of older persons with chronic illnesses and disabilities. The purpose of this article is to review the relationship between physical inactivity and age-associated changes to the cardiovascular system, and provide guidance on prescribing exercise to healthy older persons in order to mitigate the adverse effects of cardiovascular aging.
Interpretive review of the literature.
A number of structural and functional changes occur in the cardiovascular system with advancing age, many of which are mediated by changes in vascular stiffness. These changes lead not only to cardiovascular events and strokes, but also to frailty, functional decline, and cognitive impairment. A substantial proportion of the decline in aerobic capacity with age may result from physical inactivity. Guidelines for the prescription of aerobic, resistance, and balance training for otherwise healthy older persons are provided.
Lack of physical activity is a major risk factor for the epidemic of chronic disease and disability facing an aging population. Many age-associated changes in cardiovascular function result from physical inactivity. The benefits of regular exercise include prevention of cardiovascular events, disability, and cognitive impairment. Age is not a contraindication to exercise, which can usually be initiated safely in older persons.
老年人群身体活动不足是导致患慢性病和残疾的老年人数量不断增加的一个主要因素。本文旨在综述身体活动不足与心血管系统年龄相关变化之间的关系，并为健康老年人制定运动处方提供指导，以减轻心血管衰老的不利影响。
对文献的解释性综述。
随着年龄增长，心血管系统会发生一些结构和功能变化，其中许多变化是由血管僵硬度的改变介导的。这些变化不仅会导致心血管事件和中风，还会导致身体虚弱、功能衰退和认知障碍。随着年龄增长，有氧能力下降的很大一部分原因可能是身体活动不足。本文提供了针对其他方面健康的老年人进行有氧、抗阻和平衡训练的处方指南。
缺乏身体活动是老年人群面临的慢性病和残疾流行的主要风险因素。心血管功能的许多年龄相关变化是由身体活动不足引起的。定期锻炼的益处包括预防心血管事件、残疾和认知障碍。年龄不是运动的禁忌症，老年人通常可以安全地开始运动。
