Lodwick Camille J, Spitz Henry B
Oregon State University, Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Health Physics, 116 Radiation Center, Corvallis, OR 97331-5902, USA.
Health Phys. 2008 Dec;95(6):744-53. doi: 10.1097/01.HP.0000324203.54983.27.
An anthropometric surrogate (phantom) of the human leg was defined in the constructs of the Monte Carlo N Particle (MCNP) code to predict the response when used in calibrating K x-ray fluorescence (K-XRF) spectrometry measurements of stable lead in bone. The predicted response compared favorably with measurements using the anthropometric phantom containing a tibia with increasing stable lead content. These benchmark measurements confirmed the validity of a modified MCNP code to accurately simulate K-XRF spectrometry measurements of stable lead in bone. A second, cylindrical leg phantom was simulated to determine whether the shape of the calibration phantom is a significant factor in evaluating K-XRF performance. Simulations of the cylindrical and anthropometric calibration phantoms suggest that a cylindrical calibration standard overestimates lead content of a human leg up to 4%. A two-way analysis of variance determined that phantom shape is a statistically significant factor in predicting the K-XRF response. These results suggest that an anthropometric phantom provides a more accurate calibration standard compared to the conventional cylindrical shape, and that a cylindrical shape introduces a 4% positive bias in measured lead values.
在蒙特卡罗N粒子（MCNP）代码结构中定义了人类腿部的人体测量替代物（体模），以预测其在用于校准骨中稳定铅的K射线荧光（K-XRF）光谱测量时的响应。预测响应与使用含铅量不断增加的胫骨的人体测量体模进行的测量结果相比具有优势。这些基准测量证实了改进后的MCNP代码准确模拟骨中稳定铅的K-XRF光谱测量的有效性。模拟了第二个圆柱形腿部体模，以确定校准体模的形状是否是评估K-XRF性能的重要因素。圆柱形和人体测量校准体模的模拟表明，圆柱形校准标准对人腿铅含量的高估高达4%。双向方差分析确定体模形状是预测K-XRF响应的一个具有统计学意义的因素。这些结果表明，与传统的圆柱形相比，人体测量体模提供了更准确的校准标准，并且圆柱形会在测量的铅值中引入4%的正偏差。
