Chaput J-P, Tremblay A
Division of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2009 Jan;33(1):46-53. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.221. Epub 2008 Nov 11.
More than 50 years ago, Jean Mayer proposed that changes in blood glucose concentrations or arteriovenous glucose differences are detected by glucoreceptors that affect energy intake. According to this theory, an increase in blood glucose concentrations results in increased feelings of satiety whereas a drop in blood glucose concentrations has the opposite effect. The pioneering work of Mayer has recently received support from our group as low glycemia has been shown to be linked with body weight gain prospectively and has been considered as a strong predictor of the amount of weight regained after weight loss. This state of mild hypoglycemia also predicts the increase in depressive symptoms with weight loss and a greater propensity to glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes, particularly for individuals having short sleep durations. Furthermore, knowledge-based work has been shown to induce a significant increase in spontaneous energy intake being related to changes in glycemic control. In accordance with the glucostatic theory, this oriented review suggests that factors favoring a trend toward hypoglycemia and/or glucose instability might induce excess energy intake, overweight and impaired glucose tolerance. Data also raise the possibility that fat gain might be protective against mild hypoglycemia by providing compensation to the stimuli promoted by a modern environment.
50多年前，让·迈耶提出，血糖浓度或动静脉血糖差异的变化是由影响能量摄入的葡萄糖感受器检测到的。根据这一理论，血糖浓度升高会导致饱腹感增强，而血糖浓度下降则会产生相反的效果。迈耶的开创性工作最近得到了我们团队的支持，因为低血糖已被证明与体重增加存在前瞻性关联，并被认为是减肥后体重反弹量的有力预测指标。这种轻度低血糖状态还预示着减肥后抑郁症状的增加，以及对葡萄糖不耐受和2型糖尿病的易感性增加，尤其是对于睡眠时长较短的个体。此外，基于知识的工作已被证明会导致自发能量摄入显著增加，这与血糖控制的变化有关。根据葡萄糖稳态理论，这篇综述表明，有利于低血糖和/或葡萄糖不稳定趋势的因素可能会导致能量摄入过多、超重和葡萄糖耐量受损。数据还提出了一种可能性，即脂肪增加可能通过补偿现代环境所促进的刺激来预防轻度低血糖。
