Evans Christopher P
Department of Urology, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, 4860 Y St., Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
World J Urol. 2009 Feb;27(1):3-8. doi: 10.1007/s00345-008-0339-z. Epub 2008 Nov 12.
Molecular targets in cancer diagnosis and therapy have come to the fore of the oncology field in the last decade. Their identification is rooted in basic science investigation and enhanced knowledge in the fields of genetics, biochemistry, molecular and tumor biology, and pathology among others.
A medical literature search in English using MEDLINE/PUBMed was performed on the topics of molecular targets, targeted therapy, and biomarkers in the areas of bladder, prostate, and renal cancers. This information was analyzed and combined with the author's personal knowledge in the identification and development of molecular targets. Data is included from the author's laboratory regarding examples of target development and clinical translation.
Molecular targets are often biomarkers; either prognostic ones that reflect the natural history of the cancer or predictive ones that reflect the impact of a therapy. Molecular targets in urologic cancer may arise from four sources: the host, the tumor, as a result of a treatment, or associated with a specific disease stage. Understanding the continuum of targets through the progression of a urologic cancer is central to the translational applications of diagnostics, individualized medicine and targeted therapeutics. Urologists are most familiar with targeted therapy in renal cancer with the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Yet, herein are examples of biomarkers and targets across the spectrum of urologic tumors, stages and treatments.
Identification of events, signals, and pathways in urologic cancer are opportunities to develop biomarkers and targets for diagnosis and treatment.
在过去十年中，癌症诊断和治疗中的分子靶点已成为肿瘤学领域的前沿。它们的识别源于基础科学研究以及遗传学、生物化学、分子与肿瘤生物学、病理学等领域知识的增强。
使用MEDLINE/PUBMed对膀胱癌、前列腺癌和肾癌领域的分子靶点、靶向治疗和生物标志物主题进行了英文医学文献检索。对这些信息进行了分析，并结合作者在分子靶点识别与开发方面的个人知识。数据包括作者实验室中关于靶点开发和临床转化的实例。
分子靶点通常是生物标志物；要么是反映癌症自然史的预后生物标志物，要么是反映治疗效果的预测生物标志物。泌尿系统癌症中的分子靶点可能源于四个来源：宿主、肿瘤、治疗结果或与特定疾病阶段相关。了解泌尿系统癌症进展过程中靶点的连续性对于诊断、个体化医疗和靶向治疗的转化应用至关重要。随着酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的引入，泌尿科医生对肾癌的靶向治疗最为熟悉。然而，本文展示了泌尿系统肿瘤、分期和治疗各个方面的生物标志物和靶点实例。
识别泌尿系统癌症中的事件、信号和途径是开发用于诊断和治疗的生物标志物和靶点的机会。
