Sandrock Stephan, Schütte Martin, Griefahn Barbara
Institut für angewandte Arbeitswissenschaft, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2009 May;82(6):779-85. doi: 10.1007/s00420-008-0379-0. Epub 2008 Nov 12.
There is no information of mental strain in noise sensitive persons working under moderate levels of noise. The aim of the study was to determine relevant dimensions of impairing effects differentiating between noise sensitive and insensitive persons.
56 participants (27 men, 29 women; 18-31 years old) were classified into 28 low and 28 high noise sensitive persons. They worked either on a grammatical reasoning task (GRT) or a mental arithmetic task (MPT) under realistic road traffic scenarios [LAeq 55 dB(A)]. Afterwards they rated their annoyance and subjective mental strain.
A multivariate analysis of variance provided significant effects for the individual noise sensitivity (P < 0.01) and the kind of task being performed (P < 0.01). To determine to what extent the rating scales lead to a differentiation of the four groups, a 2-factorial discriminant analysis was carried out subsequently. Results showed, that psycho-physiological effort and emotional strain differentiated best between the noise sensitivity groups and psycho physiological effort and focus on tasks (attention) separated the tasks.
Noise sensitive persons are more distracted by noise than insensitive persons. Furthermore the results suggest that noise sensitive subjects do not only evaluate a noisy situation as more annoying but experience higher levels of strain than insensitive persons.
目前尚无关于在中等噪声水平下工作的噪声敏感者心理压力的相关信息。本研究旨在确定区分噪声敏感者和不敏感者的损害效应的相关维度。
56名参与者（27名男性，29名女性；年龄在18 - 31岁之间）被分为28名低噪声敏感者和28名高噪声敏感者。他们在实际道路交通场景[等效连续A声级55 dB(A)]下进行语法推理任务（GRT）或心算任务（MPT）。之后，他们对自己的烦恼程度和主观心理压力进行评分。
多因素方差分析显示个体噪声敏感性（P < 0.01）和所执行任务类型（P < 0.01）有显著影响。为了确定评分量表在多大程度上能区分这四组，随后进行了二因素判别分析。结果表明，心理生理努力和情绪压力在噪声敏感组之间的区分效果最佳，而心理生理努力和对任务的专注度（注意力）则区分了不同任务。
噪声敏感者比不敏感者更容易受到噪声干扰。此外，结果表明噪声敏感者不仅认为嘈杂的环境更令人烦恼，而且比不敏感者承受更高水平的压力。
