Depression of ventilation by desflurane in humans.

We studied the ventilatory effects of desflurane (formerly I-653) with and without N2O in healthy male volunteers. After insertion of venous and arterial (radial and pulmonary) catheters, baseline measurements of tidal volume (VT), respiratory rate (RR), ventilatory response to CO2, and arterial and mixed venous blood gases were made. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either desflurane with O2 (n = 6) or with O2 and 60% N2O (n = 6). Anesthesia was induced by inhalation of desflurane followed by tracheal intubation without muscle relaxants. In each volunteer, at end-tidal concentrations totaling 0.83, 1.24, and 1.66 MAC, we repeated measurements of VT, RR, response to CO2, and arterial and mixed venous blood gases. As depth of anesthesia increased, VT significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased from 363 +/- 22 ml awake to 76 +/- 22 ml at 1.66 MAC without N2O and from 473 +/- 70 ml awake to 128 +/- 6 ml at 1.66 MAC with N2O (mean +/- SE). Similarly, RR increased from 15 +/- 0.5 breaths per min awake to 32 +/- 2 breaths per min at 1.66 MAC without N2O and from 14 +/- 0.5 breaths per min awake to 40 +/- 3 breaths per min at 1.66 MAC with N2O. Desflurane without N2O depressed the ventilatory response to CO2 to 45 +/- 9, 31 +/- 5, and 11 +/- 4% of the awake values at 0.83, 1.24, and 1.66 MAC, respectively. With N2O, values were 52 +/- 14, 23 +/- 5, and 26 +/- 9% of the awake value at 0.83, 1.24, and 1.66 MAC, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)