Fortuna Jeffrey L, Smelson David A
Department of Health Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92634, USA.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 2008 Sep;40(3):255-61. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2008.10400640.
The phenomenology of drug craving has become the focus of much research within addictive disorders because of the belief that desire plays a role in maintaining the addiction. Many of the studies have focused on the activation of neural pathways, particularly within the dopamine system in response to specific events or stimuli. While many of these studies have focused on a particular drug of choice, little has been done across addictive disorders. This article will present and review phenomena that induce drug craving, as well as delineate precise neural pathways which are activated during craving and specific neurobiological markers which are associated with an increased risk for drug craving and other forms of addictive behavior.
由于人们认为欲望在成瘾维持中起作用，药物渴望的现象学已成为成瘾性障碍领域众多研究的焦点。许多研究集中在神经通路的激活上，特别是多巴胺系统对特定事件或刺激的反应。虽然这些研究大多聚焦于某种特定的成瘾药物，但针对成瘾性障碍的综合研究却很少。本文将呈现并综述诱发药物渴望的现象，以及描绘在渴望过程中被激活的精确神经通路，还有与药物渴望及其他成瘾行为风险增加相关的特定神经生物学标志物。
