Brotanek Jane M, Seeley Christina E, Flores Glenn
Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2008 Dec;20(6):711-8. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e328317efff.
There is a growing awareness of the importance of cultural competency in pediatrics. The authors review the most recent studies that examine the impact of cultural competency on general pediatric care, explore cultural beliefs and practices affecting clinical care, and describe culturally sensitive interventions designed to address racial/ethnic health disparities.
The beneficial effects of cultural competency embrace health outcomes, quality of care, and patient satisfaction, while failure to consider language and culture can have serious adverse consequences for clinical care, including patient safety and healthcare access. A five-component model of cultural competency has been developed, and a growing literature details an array of normative cultural values, folk illnesses, parent beliefs/practices, and provider behaviors that can have a profound impact on pediatric care. Culturally sensitive interventions are being developed to lessen racial/ethnic health disparities.
A goal for the pediatrician is to provide culturally competent healthcare by using trained medical interpreters with limited English-proficient families, being familiar with normative cultural values that affect the healthcare of commonly encountered racial/ethnic groups, and asking about folk illness beliefs and ethnomedical treatments.
儿科领域对文化能力的重要性认识日益提高。作者回顾了最新研究，这些研究探讨了文化能力对普通儿科护理的影响，探究了影响临床护理的文化信仰和实践，并描述了旨在解决种族/民族健康差异的文化敏感干预措施。
文化能力的有益影响包括健康结果、护理质量和患者满意度，而忽视语言和文化可能会给临床护理带来严重不良后果，包括患者安全和医疗服务可及性。已开发出一个由五个部分组成的文化能力模型，越来越多的文献详细阐述了一系列规范性文化价值观、民间疾病、家长信仰/实践以及可能对儿科护理产生深远影响的医疗服务提供者行为。正在开发文化敏感干预措施以减少种族/民族健康差异。
儿科医生的一个目标是通过为英语水平有限的家庭使用经过培训的医学口译员、熟悉影响常见种族/民族群体医疗保健的规范性文化价值观以及询问民间疾病信仰和民族医学治疗方法，来提供具有文化能力的医疗服务。
