Case report: severe microscopic polyangiitis successfully treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and immunosuppression in a pediatric patient.

Severe microscopic polyangiitis can result in acute respiratory failure and renal failure and is commonly treated with mechanical cardiopulmonary support, along with immunosuppression. We report the use of continuous renal replacement therapy and rituximab in a 13-year-old boy with P-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive microscopic polyangiitis, resulting in pulmonary hemorrhage and acute renal failure. The patient was treated with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and continuous renal replacement therapy, in addition to plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab.