Bell Sandra, Lee Christina
Research Centre for Gender and Health, University of Newcastle, Australia.
Int J Behav Med. 2008;15(4):280-8. doi: 10.1080/10705500802365482.
Emerging adulthood involves major transitions in social roles and high levels of stress, which may affect later health.
To examine cross-sectionally and longitudinally the relationships of stress to roles in four life domains-residential independence from family of origin, employment, relationships, and motherhood-among young adult women.
8,749 young women participating in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health provided data at Survey 1, ages 18-23, and Survey 2, ages 22-27.
Contrary to expectation, major life transitions were associated with low and reducing levels of stress. Cross-sectionally, living independently, not being a student, being married, and being a mother were associated with the lowest stress. Normative transitions such as moving out of home, finding work, or motherhood were associated with no change in stress, while marrying was associated with a decrease in stress. Three types of transition were associated with increases in stress: non-normative transitions to more "adolescent" statuses, no transition, and transitions occurring earlier than normative.
High levels of stress at this age are associated with unusual changes, delays in changing, or changing earlier than one's peers. The normative transitions of young adulthood are not associated with high levels of stress.
成年初期涉及社会角色的重大转变和高水平的压力，这可能会影响日后的健康。
横断面和纵向研究成年初期女性在四个生活领域（从原生家庭独立居住、就业、人际关系和为人母）中压力与角色之间的关系。
8749名参与澳大利亚女性健康纵向研究的年轻女性在第1次调查（年龄18 - 23岁）和第2次调查（年龄22 - 27岁）时提供了数据。
与预期相反，重大生活转变与低水平且不断降低的压力相关。横断面来看，独立生活、非学生身份、已婚和为人母与最低压力相关。诸如搬离家庭、找到工作或成为母亲等规范性转变与压力无变化相关，而结婚与压力降低相关。有三种类型的转变与压力增加相关：向更“青少年”状态的非规范性转变、无转变以及比正常情况更早发生的转变。
这个年龄段的高压力与异常变化、变化延迟或比同龄人更早变化相关。成年初期的规范性转变与高压力无关。
