Matud M Pilar, Díaz Amelia, Bethencourt Juan Manuel, Ibáñez Ignacio
Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology, and Methodology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain.
Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2020 Sep 4;9(9):2859. doi: 10.3390/jcm9092859.
Emerging adulthood is a critical period of life that entails many life transitions in living arrangements, relationships, education and employment, which can generate stress and psychological distress in the emerging adult. The aim of the present study was to assess the relevance of stress, coping styles, self-esteem and perceived social support in the distress of emerging adult women and men. The sample consists of 4816 people (50% females) from the Spanish general population, ranging in age from 18 to 29 years old. All participants were assessed through questionnaires and scales that assess psychological distress, stress, coping styles, self-esteem and social support. Women scored higher than men in psychological distress, chronic stress, minor daily hassles, emotional coping style and social support, whereas men scored higher than women in rational and detachment coping styles and in self-esteem. Psychological distress was significantly predicted in women and men by high emotional coping style, lower self-esteem, high number of life events, and less social support. Another statistically significant predictor in men was less detachment coping style, whereas in women it was high chronic stress. The results of this research are relevant to healthcare professionals interested in improving the mental health of the emerging adult.
成年初显期是人生中的一个关键时期，在此期间，生活安排、人际关系、教育和就业等方面会发生许多人生转变，这可能给成年初显期的人带来压力和心理困扰。本研究的目的是评估压力、应对方式、自尊和感知到的社会支持与成年初显期女性和男性困扰之间的相关性。样本包括来自西班牙普通人群的4816人（50%为女性），年龄在18至29岁之间。所有参与者均通过问卷和量表进行评估，这些问卷和量表用于评估心理困扰、压力、应对方式、自尊和社会支持。在心理困扰、慢性压力、日常小烦恼、情绪应对方式和社会支持方面，女性得分高于男性，而在理性和超脱应对方式以及自尊方面，男性得分高于女性。高情绪应对方式、较低的自尊、较多的生活事件和较少的社会支持在女性和男性中均显著预测了心理困扰。在男性中，另一个具有统计学意义的预测因素是较少的超脱应对方式，而在女性中则是高慢性压力。本研究结果对于关注改善成年初显期人群心理健康的医疗保健专业人员具有参考价值。
