Colgan Siobhan E, Skinner Bron, Mage Caroline, Goldstein Adam O, Kramer Kathryn, Steiner Julea, Staples Ann H
School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
N C Med J. 2008 Sep-Oct;69(5):355-61.
Despite recent legislative and voluntary policy changes, a significant number of workplaces, recreational venues, and public facilities do not offer the public full protection from secondhand smoke exposure. The current study assessed smoking policies, attitudes toward smoke-free policies, and support for policy change among business owners and managers of businesses open to the public in North Carolina.
Business owners and managers were interviewed over the phone. Businesses included all airports, arcades, malls, bowling alleys, and arenas (seating more than 500) in the state as well as a random sample of grocery and convenience stores.
A 100% smoke-free policy was reported in 53% of businesses, ranging from 12% in bowling alleys to 97% in arenas. A large majority of business owners and managers understand the health risks of secondhand smoke exposure (82%-89%) and support restrictions on smoking in their businesses (84%-91%). Barriers to voluntary policy change included the lack of legal requirement (39%) and fear of the loss of business (53%).
This study used self-report data from business owners and managers; the accuracy of the business smoking policy, customer and employee exposure time, and number of complaints may vary across respondents. It is also possible some participants were influenced by factors of social desirability of responses.
Continued progress in establishing 100% smoke-free indoor environments may depend on successful advocacy in instituting legislation mandating the elimination of secondhand smoke in all public places. Advocacy efforts should include education around addressing economic concerns of businesses.
尽管近期有立法和自愿性政策变化，但仍有相当数量的工作场所、娱乐场所和公共设施未能为公众提供全面的二手烟暴露防护。本研究评估了北卡罗来纳州对公众开放的企业的业主和经理的吸烟政策、对无烟政策的态度以及对政策变化的支持情况。
通过电话采访企业业主和经理。企业包括该州所有的机场、游乐场、商场、保龄球馆和竞技场（座位数超过500个）以及杂货店和便利店的随机样本。
53%的企业报告实施了100%无烟政策，范围从保龄球馆的12%到竞技场的97%。绝大多数企业业主和经理了解二手烟暴露的健康风险（82%-89%），并支持在其企业内限制吸烟（84%-91%）。自愿性政策变化的障碍包括缺乏法律要求（39%）和担心业务流失（53%）。
本研究使用了企业业主和经理的自我报告数据；企业吸烟政策、顾客和员工暴露时间以及投诉数量的准确性可能因受访者而异。也有可能一些参与者受到回答的社会期望因素的影响。
在建立100%无烟室内环境方面持续取得进展可能取决于成功推动立法，强制在所有公共场所消除二手烟。宣传工作应包括围绕解决企业经济担忧的教育。
