Reidy L, Gennaro W, Steele B W, Walls H C
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, 12500 SW, 152nd Street, Miami, Florida 33177, USA.
J Anal Toxicol. 2008 Oct;32(8):688-94. doi: 10.1093/jat/32.8.688.
In 1993, Zolpidem (Ambien), a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent, was approved for use in the United States for the short-term treatment of insomnia. Zolpidem has a rapid onset of action and short elimination half-life, rendering it ideal as a sleep aid. The objective of this study was to evaluate, and retrospectively compare, the use of the Immunalysis ELISA kit and gas chromatograpy-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to screen blood/urine specimens for zolpidem. In addition, results for the incidence of zolpidem in suspected DUI drivers in 2007 are compared to previous years' data. The ELISA kit was evaluated for cross-reactivity with zaleplon and zopiclone and zolpidem metabolite I. Urine samples (n = 100) and blood samples (n = 100) were selected from specimens received into the DUI laboratory in 2007 and were screened via the Immunalysis Zolpidem ELISA kit and on GC-MS in full EI scan mode following an alkaline liquid-liquid extraction. Results show 5% of the urine and blood samples screened positive for zolpidem using the ELISA kits, and all 5% confirmed positive for zolpidem using GC-MS. The ELISA kit demonstrated no cross-reactivity to zaleplon or zopiclone at a spiked urine concentration of 1000 ng/mL. Ten cases of suspected DUI drivers in 2007 confirmed positive for zolpidem by ELISA and GC-MS in blood/urine, a higher incidence rate than in the previous years. Because of the low percentage elimination of the parent compound in urine, a screening method for the detection of the main metabolite of zolpidem may be needed for better detection of drug impairment driving due to zolpidem.
1993年，非苯二氮䓬类催眠药唑吡坦（安必恩）在美国被批准用于失眠的短期治疗。唑吡坦起效迅速，消除半衰期短，是理想的助眠药物。本研究的目的是评估并回顾性比较使用免疫分析酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）试剂盒和气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对血液/尿液标本进行唑吡坦筛查的情况。此外，还将2007年疑似酒驾司机中唑吡坦的发生率结果与往年数据进行了比较。对ELISA试剂盒与扎来普隆、佐匹克隆和唑吡坦代谢物I的交叉反应性进行了评估。从2007年送入酒驾实验室的标本中选取尿液样本（n = 100）和血液样本（n = 100），通过免疫分析唑吡坦ELISA试剂盒进行筛查，并在碱性液 - 液萃取后采用全电子电离（EI）扫描模式的GC-MS进行检测。结果显示，使用ELISA试剂盒筛查的尿液和血液样本中有5%对唑吡坦呈阳性，而使用GC-MS检测这5%均被确认为唑吡坦阳性。在加标尿液浓度为1000 ng/mL时，ELISA试剂盒对扎来普隆或佐匹克隆未显示交叉反应性。2007年有10例疑似酒驾司机的血液/尿液经ELISA和GC-MS检测唑吡坦呈阳性，发生率高于往年。由于母体化合物在尿液中的消除率较低，可能需要一种检测唑吡坦主要代谢物的筛查方法，以便更好地检测因唑吡坦导致的药物影响驾驶情况。
