Immunalysis Corporation, Pomona, California 91767, USA.
J Anal Toxicol. 2009 Oct;33(8):486-90. doi: 10.1093/jat/33.8.486.
Sleep disorders are common conditions that affect about 40 million people in the U.S every year, the most common of which is insomnia, which is characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep. Zolpidem (Ambien) is a non-benzodiazepine prescription drug that is used to treat insomnia and is often preferred over the commonly used benzodiazepines due to a lesser side effect profile. This is because the non-benzodiazepine binding is more selective to GABA-A receptors versus the non-selective binding of benzodiazepines. With the increasing popularity of non-benzodiazepines, drug abuse and driving-while-impaired cases involving sleep-inducing drugs have risen. Therefore, a highly sensitive and rapid homogeneous immunoassay (EMIT-type assay) has been developed for the detection of zolpidem in urine. The zolpidem antibody is highly specific and does not cross-react with other newer sleep aids such as zopiclone and zaleplon. This assay has a detection limit of 5 ng/mL for zolpidem in urine. Further evaluation of this assay using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) analysis of authentic urine samples demonstrated that the accuracy of the assay is greater than 90%. Because this assay is designed to measure the non-conjugated drug in urine, it resulted in simplification for gas chromatography-MS or LC-MS-MS confirmation methods that do not require urine hydrolysis before solid-phase extraction or liquid-liquid extraction.
睡眠障碍是一种常见病症，每年影响美国约 4000 万人，其中最常见的是失眠，其特征是难以入睡或保持睡眠。唑吡坦（安必恩）是一种非苯二氮䓬类处方药物，用于治疗失眠症，由于副作用较小，通常比常用的苯二氮䓬类药物更受青睐。这是因为非苯二氮䓬类药物与 GABA-A 受体的结合比苯二氮䓬类药物的非选择性结合更具选择性。随着非苯二氮䓬类药物的日益普及，涉及诱导睡眠药物的药物滥用和驾驶能力受损案件有所增加。因此，已经开发出一种高度敏感和快速的均相免疫测定法（EMIT 型测定法）来检测尿液中的唑吡坦。唑吡坦抗体具有高度特异性，不会与其他新型助眠药物（如佐匹克隆和扎来普隆）发生交叉反应。该测定法对尿液中唑吡坦的检测限为 5ng/mL。使用液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS-MS）分析真实尿液样本对该测定法进行的进一步评估表明，该测定法的准确性大于 90%。由于该测定法旨在测量尿液中的非结合药物，因此简化了不需要在固相萃取或液液萃取前进行尿液水解的气相色谱-MS 或 LC-MS-MS 确认方法。
