Wen Shu, Li Hong, Liu Jia
Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 116044 Dalian, Liaoning, PR China.
Prog Neurobiol. 2009 Feb;87(2):98-117. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.10.002. Epub 2008 Oct 21.
The development of the central nervous system (CNS) starts from neural stem cells (NSCs). During this process, NSCs are specified in space- and time-related fashions, becoming spatially heterogeneous and generating a progressively restricted repertoire of cell types: neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The processes of neurodevelopment are determined reciprocally by intrinsic and external factors which interface to program and re-program the profiling of fate-determination gene expression. Multiple signaling pathways act in a dynamic web mode to determine the fate of NSCs through modulating the activity of a distinct set of transcription factors which in turn trigger the transcription of neural fate-determination genes. Accumulating evidence reveals that during CNS development, multiple epigenetic factors regulate the activities of extracellular signaling and corresponding transcription factors in a coordinative manner, leading to the formation of a system with sophisticated structure and magic functions. This review aims to introduce recent advances in the epigenetic background of neural cell fate determination.
中枢神经系统（CNS）的发育始于神经干细胞（NSCs）。在此过程中，神经干细胞以与空间和时间相关的方式被特化，变得在空间上具有异质性，并产生逐渐受限的细胞类型：神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。神经发育过程由内在和外在因素相互决定，这些因素相互作用以编程和重新编程命运决定基因表达的谱。多个信号通路以动态网络模式起作用，通过调节一组独特的转录因子的活性来决定神经干细胞的命运，而这些转录因子反过来又触发神经命运决定基因的转录。越来越多的证据表明，在中枢神经系统发育过程中，多种表观遗传因素以协调的方式调节细胞外信号和相应转录因子的活性，导致形成一个具有复杂结构和神奇功能的系统。本综述旨在介绍神经细胞命运决定的表观遗传背景的最新进展。
