Bettis E Arthur, Milius Adrianne K, Carpenter Scott J, Larick Roy, Zaim Yahdi, Rizal Yan, Ciochon Russell L, Tassier-Surine Stephanie A, Murray Daniel, Bronto Sutinko
Department of Geoscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
J Hum Evol. 2009 Jan;56(1):11-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.09.003. Epub 2008 Nov 13.
A sequence of paleosols in the Solo Basin, Central Java, Indonesia, documents the local and regional environments present when Homo erectus spread through Southeast Asia during the early Pleistocene. The earliest human immigrants encountered a low-relief lake-margin landscape dominated by moist grasslands with open woodlands in the driest landscape positions. By 1.5 Ma, large streams filled the lake and the landscape became more riverine in nature, with riparian forests, savanna, and open woodland. Paleosol morphology and carbon isotope values of soil organic matter and pedogenic carbonates indicate a long-term shift toward regional drying or increased duration of the annual dry season through the early Pleistocene. This suggests that an annual dry season associated with monsoon conditions was an important aspect of the paleoclimate in which early humans spread from Africa to Southeast Asia.
印度尼西亚爪哇中部梭罗河流域的一系列古土壤记录了早更新世直立人在东南亚扩散时当地和区域的环境状况。最早的人类移民遇到的是地势低平的湖岸景观，在最干燥的地方以湿润草原为主，间有开阔林地。到150万年前，大的溪流填满了湖泊，景观在本质上变得更具河流特征，出现了河岸森林、稀树草原和开阔林地。古土壤形态以及土壤有机质和土壤成因碳酸盐的碳同位素值表明，整个早更新世，该区域长期朝着干燥或年旱季持续时间增加的方向转变。这表明，与季风条件相关的年旱季是早期人类从非洲扩散到东南亚时古气候的一个重要方面。
