Ingicco Thomas, de Vos John, Huffman O Frank
Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Diliman, Philippines; Département de Préhistoire and UMR 7194, MNHN/CNRS, Paris, France.
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2014 Jun 10;9(6):e99531. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099531. eCollection 2014.
A fossil femur excavated by Eugène Dubois between 1891-1900 in the Lower/Middle Pleistocene bonebed of the Trinil site (Java, Indonesia) was recognised by us as that of a Hylobatidae. The specimen, Trinil 5703 of the Dubois Collection (Leiden, The Netherlands), has the same distinctive form of fossilization that is seen in many of the bonebed fossils from Trinil in the collection. Anatomical comparison of Trinil 5703 to a sample of carnivore and primate femora, supported by morphometric analyses, lead to the attribution of the fossil to gibbon. Trinil 5703 therefore provides the oldest insular record of this clade, one of the oldest known Hylobatidae fossils from Southeast Asia. Because living Hylobatidae only inhabit evergreen rain forests, the paleoenvironment within the river drainage in the greater Trinil area evidently included forests of this kind during the Lower/Middle Pleistocene as revealed here.
尤金·杜布瓦在1891年至1900年间于特里尼尔遗址（印度尼西亚爪哇）的更新世中/下骨床挖掘出的一根化石股骨被我们认定为长臂猿科的股骨。该标本为杜布瓦藏品（荷兰莱顿）中的特里尼尔5703，具有与该藏品中许多来自特里尼尔骨床的化石相同的独特石化形态。通过形态计量分析支持，将特里尼尔5703与食肉动物和灵长类动物股骨样本进行解剖学比较，结果表明该化石属于长臂猿。因此，特里尼尔5703提供了该类群最古老的岛屿记录，是东南亚已知最古老的长臂猿科化石之一。由于现存的长臂猿科仅栖息于常绿雨林，如此处所示，在更新世中/下时期，特里尼尔更大区域内的河流排水区域的古环境显然包含此类森林。
