Center of Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
PPAR Res. 2008;2008:780452. doi: 10.1155/2008/780452. Epub 2008 Nov 9.
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors acting as lipid sensors. Besides its metabolic activity in peripheral organs, the PPAR beta/delta isotype is highly expressed in the brain and its deletion in mice induces a brain developmental defect. Nevertheless, exploration of PPARbeta action in the central nervous system remains sketchy. The lipid content alteration observed in PPARbeta null brains and the positive action of PPARbeta agonists on oligodendrocyte differentiation, a process characterized by lipid accumulation, suggest that PPARbeta acts on the fatty acids and/or cholesterol metabolisms in the brain. PPARbeta could also regulate central inflammation and antioxidant mechanisms in the damaged brain. Even if not fully understood, the neuroprotective effect of PPARbeta agonists highlights their potential benefit to treat various acute or chronic neurological disorders. In this perspective, we need to better understand the basic function of PPARbeta in the brain. This review proposes different leads for future researches.
过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 (PPARs) 是作为脂质传感器发挥作用的核受体。除了在周围器官中的代谢活性外，PPARβ/δ同工型在大脑中高度表达，其在小鼠中的缺失会导致大脑发育缺陷。然而，PPARβ 在中枢神经系统中的作用仍不清楚。在 PPARβ 缺失的大脑中观察到的脂质含量改变，以及 PPARβ 激动剂对少突胶质细胞分化的积极作用，少突胶质细胞分化是一个以脂质积累为特征的过程，这表明 PPARβ 在大脑中的脂肪酸和/或胆固醇代谢中发挥作用。PPARβ 还可以调节受损大脑中的中枢炎症和抗氧化机制。尽管尚未完全了解，但 PPARβ 激动剂的神经保护作用强调了它们在治疗各种急性或慢性神经疾病方面的潜在益处。从这个角度来看，我们需要更好地了解 PPARβ 在大脑中的基本功能。本文提出了未来研究的不同方向。
