Baptista S, Piloto N, Reis F, Teixeira-de-Lemos E, Garrido A P, Dias A, Lourenço M, Palmeiro A, Ferrer-Antunes C, Teixeira F
Therapeutics Unit, Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medicine Faculty, Coimbra University, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
Acta Physiol Hung. 2008 Dec;95(4):365-81. doi: 10.1556/APhysiol.2008.0002.
Physical exercise may improve the metabolic and haemodynamic responses, but the beneficial effects seem to depend on intensity, duration and muscular mass recruitment, which may vary between different types of protocols. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of two distinct moderate/long-term aerobic training protocols in the normal Wistar rat, the treadmill running and the swimming, on several important parameters related to cardiovascular (CV) physiological adaptations, namely: lipid profile, haemorheological measures, lipid peroxidation, peripheral serotonergic system (SS) modulation and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation. In both groups under training an HDL-c increment versus the sedentary control was demonstrated. There was a noticeable increase in ADP-induced platelet aggregation in the exercised rats, together with higher PDW and MPV values. The RBC patterns were altered in both groups under training; in the swimming one, however, significantly higher RBC and HCT and lower MCH and MCHC values were found, suggesting renovation of the RBCs. Plasma and platelet SS measures were generally higher in both groups under training, being noticeably relevant the 5-HT and 5-HIAA increment in the treadmill. In opposition, concerning the plasma and platelet NE and E concentrations, the rise was remarkably higher in the rats under a swimming protocol. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that, despite the similar beneficial effects on lipid profile, different aerobic exercise protocols may produce distinct CV physiological adaptations. Therefore, treadmill running was more influent than swimming concerning peripheral SS modulation while swimming was more important on SNS activation, thus recommending a judicious choice of the protocol to be tested in works which make use of rat models of exercise to study physiological or pathophysiological conditions.
体育锻炼可能会改善代谢和血液动力学反应，但其有益效果似乎取决于强度、持续时间和肌肉募集量，而这些在不同类型的训练方案中可能会有所不同。本研究旨在评估两种不同的中/长期有氧训练方案，即跑步机跑步和游泳，对正常Wistar大鼠与心血管（CV）生理适应相关的几个重要参数的影响，具体包括：血脂谱、血液流变学指标、脂质过氧化、外周血清素能系统（SS）调节和交感神经系统（SNS）激活。在训练的两组中，均显示出高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）相对于久坐对照组有所增加。运动大鼠中，二磷酸腺苷（ADP）诱导的血小板聚集显著增加，同时血小板分布宽度（PDW）和平均血小板体积（MPV）值更高。训练的两组红细胞模式均发生改变；然而，在游泳组中，红细胞（RBC）和血细胞比容（HCT）显著更高，平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（MCH）和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）更低，提示红细胞更新。训练的两组血浆和血小板SS指标总体上更高，跑步机组中5-羟色胺（5-HT）和5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）的增加尤为明显。相反，关于血浆和血小板去甲肾上腺素（NE）和肾上腺素（E）浓度，游泳训练方案的大鼠升高更为显著。总之，本研究表明，尽管对血脂谱有相似的有益影响，但不同的有氧运动方案可能会产生不同的CV生理适应。因此，在调节外周SS方面，跑步机跑步比游泳更具影响力，而在激活SNS方面，游泳更为重要，从而建议在利用大鼠运动模型研究生理或病理生理状况的研究中，明智地选择要测试的方案。
