Alford B R, Atkins J H
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1991 Feb;104(2):153-6. doi: 10.1177/019459989110400201.
Otolaryngologist--head and neck surgeons have been involved in the development of aviation and space medicine since the beginning of this century. In the late 1910s, otolaryngologists revised the physical examination for pilots, organized "Boards of Medical Examiners" to test pilot applicants, coined the term "flight surgeon," and helped organize the Medical Research Laboratories at Hazelhurst Field in New York. These laboratories were transformed into the School of Aviation Medicine at Brooks Field, Texas, which was relocated to Randolph Field, Texas, in 1934. During World War II, the director of research at the school was Colonel Paul A. Campbell, MD, an otolaryngologist. In 1959 the school moved back to Brooks Air Force Base and was renamed the Aerospace Medical Center. In 1962, Dr. Campbell served as the director. Since manned space flight began in the 1960s, there have been many joint research efforts between principal investigators in otolaryngology--head and neck surgery and NASA. Currently, many otolaryngologist--head and neck surgeons serve as consultants and advisors to many of NASA's standing committees. The space environment offers a new frontier for specialty development and research in otolaryngology--head and neck surgery.
自本世纪初以来，耳鼻喉科——头颈外科医生就一直参与航空航天医学的发展。在20世纪10年代后期，耳鼻喉科医生修订了飞行员的体格检查，组织了“医学考官委员会”来测试飞行员申请者，创造了“飞行外科医生”这个术语，并协助在纽约的黑泽尔赫斯特机场组建了医学研究实验室。这些实验室后来转变为德克萨斯州布鲁克斯机场的航空医学院，该学院于1934年迁至德克萨斯州伦道夫机场。第二次世界大战期间，该学院的研究主任是保罗·A·坎贝尔上校，医学博士，一位耳鼻喉科医生。1959年，该学院迁至布鲁克斯空军基地并更名为航空航天医学中心。1962年，坎贝尔博士担任主任。自20世纪60年代载人航天飞行开始以来，耳鼻喉科——头颈外科的主要研究人员与美国国家航空航天局（NASA）之间开展了许多联合研究工作。目前，许多耳鼻喉科——头颈外科医生担任NASA多个常设委员会的顾问。太空环境为耳鼻喉科——头颈外科的专业发展和研究提供了一个新的领域。
