Myung Kyung, Narciso Jan A, Manthey John A
United States Citrus and Subtropical Products Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 Avenue S, Northwest, Winter Haven, Florida 33881, USA.
J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Dec 24;56(24):12064-8. doi: 10.1021/jf802713g.
Furanocoumarins (FCs) in the human diet irreversibly inhibit human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP 3A4) and are responsible for the "grapefruit/drug""interaction phenomenon. Previously, we reported that FCs in grapefruit juice (GFJ) bind to autoclaved Aspergillus niger, and this binding reduced the GFJ inhibition of CYP 3A4. However, A. niger is not an edible fungus, and thus, potentially similar binding by edible fungi was also characterized. In this study, autoclaved Morchella esculenta, an edible ascomycete, removed much of the FC content in GFJ, resulting in decreased inhibition of CYP 3A4 activity by the GFJ. Three other edible fungi, Monascus purpureus, Pleurotus sapidus, and Agaricus bisporus, were evaluated for their binding with two of the major FCs in GFJ, 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin (DHB) and bergamottin (BM). These autoclaved edible fungi removed these FCs from GFJ, similar to M. esculenta, indicating that binding is a general, passive interaction between FCs and fungal hyphae. The removal of FCs was independent of pH in GFJ. Dried fungal material of M. esculenta was also effective in removing FCs from GFJ and occurred with GFJ samples prepared from both fresh grapefruit and GFJ concentrate.
人类饮食中的呋喃香豆素（FCs）会不可逆地抑制人类细胞色素P450 3A4（CYP 3A4），并导致“葡萄柚/药物”相互作用现象。此前，我们报道过葡萄柚汁（GFJ）中的FCs会与高压灭菌的黑曲霉结合，这种结合降低了GFJ对CYP 3A4的抑制作用。然而，黑曲霉不是可食用真菌，因此，我们也对可食用真菌可能存在的类似结合进行了表征。在本研究中，高压灭菌的可食用子囊菌羊肚菌去除了GFJ中的大部分FC成分，导致GFJ对CYP 3A4活性的抑制作用降低。我们评估了其他三种可食用真菌，即红曲霉菌、美味侧耳和双孢蘑菇与GFJ中两种主要FCs，即6',7'-二羟基佛手柑素（DHB）和佛手柑素（BM）的结合情况。这些高压灭菌的可食用真菌与羊肚菌类似，从GFJ中去除了这些FCs，这表明这种结合是FCs与真菌菌丝之间普遍存在的被动相互作用。FCs的去除与GFJ中的pH值无关。羊肚菌的干燥真菌材料也能有效去除GFJ中的FCs，无论是用新鲜葡萄柚还是GFJ浓缩液制备的GFJ样品均如此。
