Priest Andrew W, Salamon Kathleen B, Hollman John H
Program in Physical Therapy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2008 Nov 14;5:29. doi: 10.1186/1743-0003-5-29.
Variability in stride velocity during walking characterizes gait instability and predicts falling in older individuals. Walking while executing a cognitive task is also associated with increased risk of falling, particularly in older adults. Variability in stride velocity, particularly during dual task walking conditions, may differ between younger and older individuals. The purpose of this study was to examine whether gait velocity and variability in stride velocity differ between older community-dwelling women and younger women during dual task walking.
Twenty-three older (80 +/- 9 years) and 19 younger (23 +/- 2 years) women walked under each of two conditions: (1) walking at a self-selected velocity and (2) walking at a self-selected velocity while incrementally counting backwards. Gait velocity and variability in stride velocity were measured with GAITRite instrumentation.
Gait velocity decreased and variability in stride variability increased, in both groups, during dual task walking. The relative reduction in gait velocity and the magnitude of variability in stride velocity were greater in the older subjects than younger subjects.
The gait changes observed in dual task walking characterize reduced gait stability and indicate that cognitively demanding tasks during walking have a destabilizing effect on gait that may place older persons at greater risk of falls.
步行过程中步速的变异性是步态不稳的特征，并可预测老年人跌倒。在执行认知任务时行走也与跌倒风险增加有关，尤其是在老年人中。步速变异性，特别是在双任务步行条件下，在年轻人和老年人之间可能有所不同。本研究的目的是检查在双任务步行过程中，社区居住的老年女性和年轻女性之间的步态速度和步速变异性是否存在差异。
23名老年女性（80±9岁）和19名年轻女性（23±2岁）在两种条件下分别行走：（1）以自选速度行走；（2）以自选速度行走同时逐步倒数。使用GAITRite仪器测量步态速度和步速变异性。
在双任务步行过程中，两组的步态速度均降低，步幅变异性增加。老年受试者的步态速度相对降低和步速变异性的幅度大于年轻受试者。
在双任务步行中观察到的步态变化表明步态稳定性降低，并且表明步行过程中需要认知的任务会对步态产生不稳定作用，这可能使老年人面临更大的跌倒风险。
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