Mishra Bhuwan B, Kale Raju R, Singh Rakesh K, Tiwari Vinod K
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
Fitoterapia. 2009 Mar;80(2):81-90. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2008.10.009. Epub 2008 Oct 31.
Leishmaniasis, a vector-borne parasitic disease resulting from infection of macrophages by obligate intracellular parasites of genus Leishmania, has been considered a major tropical disease by the World Health Organization. Generic pentavalent antimonials have been the mainstay for therapy in the endemic regions because of its efficacy and cost effectiveness. However, the growing incidence of resistance for the pentavalent antimony complex in endemic and non-endemic regions has seriously hampered their use in these regions. The second line drugs such as amphotericin B, paromomycin and miltefosine are the other alternatives, but they merely fulfill the desired requirements of a safe drug. The recent researches focused on plants have shown a wise way to get a true and potentially rich source of drug candidates against leishmaniasis, where alkaloids have been found more effective. The present review initially highlights the current status of leishmaniasis, synergy of the disease with HIV, therapeutic options available and in later sections summarizes all alkaloids, which have shown significant antileishmanial activities.
利什曼病是一种由利什曼原虫属专性细胞内寄生虫感染巨噬细胞引起的媒介传播寄生虫病，被世界卫生组织视为一种主要的热带疾病。由于其有效性和成本效益，通用五价锑剂一直是流行地区治疗的主要药物。然而，在流行和非流行地区，五价锑复合物耐药性的日益增加严重阻碍了它们在这些地区的使用。二线药物如两性霉素B、巴龙霉素和米替福新是其他替代药物，但它们仅仅满足了安全药物的预期要求。最近对植物的研究显示了一条明智的途径，以获得真正且潜在丰富的抗利什曼病候选药物来源，其中生物碱已被发现更有效。本综述首先强调了利什曼病的现状、该疾病与艾滋病毒的协同作用、现有的治疗选择，随后部分总结了所有已显示出显著抗利什曼活性的生物碱。
