Ferreira Robson C, De Souza Adelson A, Freitas Rui A, Campaner Marta, Takata Carmem S A, Barrett Toby V, Shaw Jeffrey J, Teixeira Marta M G
Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2008 Sep-Oct;55(5):427-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00342.x.
Analysis of the phylogenetic relationships among trypanosomes from vertebrates and invertebrates disclosed a new lineage of trypanosomes circulating among anurans and sand flies that share the same ecotopes in Brazilian Amazonia. This assemblage of closely related trypanosomes was determined by comparing whole SSU rDNA sequences of anuran trypanosomes from the Brazilian biomes of Amazonia, the Pantanal, and the Atlantic Forest and from Europe, North America, and Africa, and from trypanosomes of sand flies from Amazonia. Phylogenetic trees based on maximum likelihood and parsimony corroborated the positioning of all new anuran trypanosomes in the aquatic clade but did not support the monophyly of anuran trypanosomes. However, all analyses always supported four major clades (An01-04) of anuran trypanosomes. Clade An04 is composed of trypanosomes from exotic anurans. Isolates in clades An01 and An02 were from Brazilian frogs and toads captured in the three biomes studied, Amazonia, the Pantanal and the Atlantic Forest. Clade An01 contains mostly isolates from Hylidae whereas clade An02 comprises mostly isolates from Bufonidae; and clade An03 contains trypanosomes from sand flies and anurans of Bufonidae, Leptodactylidae, and Leiuperidae exclusively from Amazonia. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing morphological and growth features, and molecular phylogenetic affiliation of trypanosomes from anurans and phlebotomines, incriminating these flies as invertebrate hosts and probably also as important vectors of Amazonian terrestrial anuran trypanosomes.
对来自脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的锥虫之间的系统发育关系进行分析后发现，在巴西亚马逊地区，一种新的锥虫谱系在蟾蜍和白蛉中传播，它们共享相同的生态位。通过比较来自巴西亚马逊地区、潘塔纳尔湿地、大西洋森林以及欧洲、北美和非洲的蟾蜍锥虫的完整小亚基核糖体DNA（SSU rDNA）序列，以及来自亚马逊地区白蛉的锥虫序列，确定了这一紧密相关的锥虫组合。基于最大似然法和简约法构建的系统发育树证实了所有新的蟾蜍锥虫都位于水生类群中，但不支持蟾蜍锥虫的单系性。然而，所有分析始终支持蟾蜍锥虫的四个主要类群（An01 - 04）。An04类群由外来蟾蜍的锥虫组成。An01和An02类群中的分离株来自在亚马逊地区、潘塔纳尔湿地和大西洋森林这三个研究生物群落中捕获的巴西青蛙和蟾蜍。An01类群主要包含来自雨蛙科的分离株，而An02类群主要由来自蟾蜍科的分离株组成；An03类群包含仅来自亚马逊地区的蟾蜍科、细趾蟾科和姬蛙科的白蛉和蟾蜍的锥虫。据我们所知，这是第一项描述蟾蜍和白蛉锥虫的形态、生长特征以及分子系统发育关系的研究，将这些白蛉认定为无脊椎动物宿主，并且可能也是亚马逊陆地蟾蜍锥虫的重要传播媒介。
