Chappard D, Baslé M-F, Legrand E, Audran M
Inserm, U922, LHEA, Faculty of Medicine, 1, rue Haute-de-Reculée, 49045 Angers cedex, France.
Morphologie. 2008 Dec;92(299):162-70. doi: 10.1016/j.morpho.2008.10.003. Epub 2008 Nov 18.
The bone mass is constituted during the life by the modeling and remodeling mechanisms. Trabecular bone consists in a network of trabeculae (plates and rods) whose distribution is highly anisotropic: trabeculae are disposed parallel to the resultant of stress lines (Wolff's law). Trabecular microarchitecture appears conditioned by mechanical strains, which are exerted on the bones of the skeleton. However, few methods are currently clinically validated to appreciate and follow the evolution of microarchitecture in bone diseases. The most developed studies relate to microarchitectural measurements obtained by bone histomorphometry with the use of new algorithms, which can appreciate 2D various characteristics of the trabeculae, such as thickness and connectivity. Several works have shown that microarchitecture parameters should be obtained by using several independent techniques. X-ray microtomography (microCT), micro-RMI, synchrotron also allow the measurement in 3D of the trabecular microarchitecture in a nondestructive way on bone specimens. This review describes the evolution of our knowledge on bone microarchitecture, its role in bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and the various methods of histological evaluation in 2D and 3D.
骨量在生命周期中是由塑形和重塑机制构成的。松质骨由小梁（板和杆）网络组成，其分布具有高度各向异性：小梁与应力线的合力方向平行排列（沃尔夫定律）。松质骨微结构似乎受机械应变的影响，这些应变作用于骨骼。然而，目前临床上很少有经过验证的方法来评估和跟踪骨疾病中微结构的演变。开展得最多的研究涉及通过骨组织形态计量学并使用新算法获得的微结构测量，这些算法可以评估小梁的二维各种特征，如厚度和连通性几个研究表明，微结构参数应该通过使用几种独立技术来获得。X射线显微断层扫描（microCT）、微磁共振成像（micro-RMI）、同步加速器也能够以无损方式对骨标本进行小梁微结构的三维测量。这篇综述描述了我们对骨微结构的认识演变、其在骨质疏松等骨疾病中的作用以及二维和三维组织学评估的各种方法。
